diff --git a/src/SPC/util/WindowsCmd.php b/src/SPC/util/WindowsCmd.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 4398dc44..00000000
--- a/src/SPC/util/WindowsCmd.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace SPC\util;
-
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
-use ZM\Logger\ConsoleColor;
-
-class WindowsCmd
-{
-    private ?string $cd = null;
-
-    private bool $debug;
-
-    private array $env = [];
-
-    /**
-     * @throws RuntimeException
-     */
-    public function __construct(?bool $debug = null)
-    {
-        if (PHP_OS_FAMILY !== 'Windows') {
-            throw new RuntimeException('Only windows can use WindowsCmd');
-        }
-        $this->debug = $debug ?? defined('DEBUG_MODE');
-    }
-
-    public function cd(string $dir): WindowsCmd
-    {
-        logger()->info('Entering dir: ' . $dir);
-        $c = clone $this;
-        $c->cd = $dir;
-        return $c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @throws RuntimeException
-     */
-    public function exec(string $cmd): WindowsCmd
-    {
-        /* @phpstan-ignore-next-line */
-        logger()->info(ConsoleColor::yellow('[EXEC] ') . ConsoleColor::green($cmd));
-        if ($this->cd !== null) {
-            $cmd = 'cd /d ' . escapeshellarg($this->cd) . ' && ' . $cmd;
-        }
-        if (!$this->debug) {
-            $cmd .= ' >nul 2>&1';
-        }
-        echo $cmd . PHP_EOL;
-
-        f_passthru($cmd);
-        return $this;
-    }
-
-    public function execWithWrapper(string $wrapper, string $args): WindowsCmd
-    {
-        return $this->exec($wrapper . ' "' . str_replace('"', '^"', $args) . '"');
-    }
-
-    public function execWithResult(string $cmd, bool $with_log = true): array
-    {
-        if ($with_log) {
-            /* @phpstan-ignore-next-line */
-            logger()->info(ConsoleColor::blue('[EXEC] ') . ConsoleColor::green($cmd));
-        } else {
-            logger()->debug('Running command with result: ' . $cmd);
-        }
-        exec($cmd, $out, $code);
-        return [$code, $out];
-    }
-
-    public function setEnv(array $env): WindowsCmd
-    {
-        $this->env = array_merge($this->env, $env);
-        return $this;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/SPC/util/executor/UnixAutoconfExecutor.php b/src/SPC/util/executor/UnixAutoconfExecutor.php
index aed9b85f..16c4fbc3 100644
--- a/src/SPC/util/executor/UnixAutoconfExecutor.php
+++ b/src/SPC/util/executor/UnixAutoconfExecutor.php
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use SPC\builder\freebsd\library\BSDLibraryBase;
 use SPC\builder\linux\library\LinuxLibraryBase;
 use SPC\builder\macos\library\MacOSLibraryBase;
 use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
-use SPC\util\UnixShell;
+use SPC\util\shell\UnixShell;
 
 class UnixAutoconfExecutor extends Executor
 {
diff --git a/src/SPC/util/executor/UnixCMakeExecutor.php b/src/SPC/util/executor/UnixCMakeExecutor.php
index cc4263d2..6bd70677 100644
--- a/src/SPC/util/executor/UnixCMakeExecutor.php
+++ b/src/SPC/util/executor/UnixCMakeExecutor.php
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use SPC\builder\freebsd\library\BSDLibraryBase;
 use SPC\builder\linux\library\LinuxLibraryBase;
 use SPC\builder\macos\library\MacOSLibraryBase;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
-use SPC\util\UnixShell;
+use SPC\util\shell\UnixShell;
 
 /**
  * Unix-like OS cmake command executor.
diff --git a/src/SPC/util/shell/Shell.php b/src/SPC/util/shell/Shell.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bfa51b86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/SPC/util/shell/Shell.php
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace SPC\util\shell;
+
+use SPC\exception\ExecutionException;
+
+abstract class Shell
+{
+    protected ?string $cd = null;
+
+    protected bool $debug;
+
+    protected array $env = [];
+
+    protected string $last_cmd = '';
+
+    protected bool $enable_log_file = true;
+
+    public function __construct(?bool $debug = null, bool $enable_log_file = true)
+    {
+        $this->debug = $debug ?? defined('DEBUG_MODE');
+        $this->enable_log_file = $enable_log_file;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Equivalent to `cd` command in shell.
+     *
+     * @param string $dir Directory to change to
+     */
+    public function cd(string $dir): static
+    {
+        logger()->debug('Entering dir: ' . $dir);
+        $c = clone $this;
+        $c->cd = $dir;
+        return $c;
+    }
+
+    public function setEnv(array $env): static
+    {
+        foreach ($env as $k => $v) {
+            if (trim($v) === '') {
+                continue;
+            }
+            $this->env[$k] = trim($v);
+        }
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function appendEnv(array $env): static
+    {
+        foreach ($env as $k => $v) {
+            if ($v === '') {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!isset($this->env[$k])) {
+                $this->env[$k] = $v;
+            } else {
+                $this->env[$k] = "{$v} {$this->env[$k]}";
+            }
+        }
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Executes a command in the shell.
+     */
+    abstract public function exec(string $cmd): static;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the last executed command.
+     */
+    public function getLastCommand(): string
+    {
+        return $this->last_cmd;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Executes a command with console and log file output.
+     *
+     * @param string      $cmd              Full command to execute (including cd and env vars)
+     * @param bool        $console_output   If true, output will be printed to console
+     * @param null|string $original_command Original command string for logging
+     */
+    protected function passthru(string $cmd, bool $console_output = false, ?string $original_command = null): void
+    {
+        // write executed command to the log file using fwrite
+        $file_res = fopen(SPC_SHELL_LOG, 'a');
+        if ($console_output) {
+            $console_res = STDOUT;
+        }
+        $descriptors = [
+            0 => ['file', 'php://stdin', 'r'], // stdin
+            1 => ['pipe', 'w'], // stdout
+            2 => ['pipe', 'w'], // stderr
+        ];
+        $process = proc_open($cmd, $descriptors, $pipes);
+
+        try {
+            if (!is_resource($process)) {
+                throw new ExecutionException(
+                    cmd: $original_command ?? $cmd,
+                    message: 'Failed to open process for command, proc_open() failed.',
+                    code: -1,
+                    cd: $this->cd,
+                    env: $this->env
+                );
+            }
+            // fclose($pipes[0]);
+            stream_set_blocking($pipes[1], false);
+            stream_set_blocking($pipes[2], false);
+
+            while (true) {
+                $read = [$pipes[1], $pipes[2]];
+                $write = null;
+                $except = null;
+
+                $ready = stream_select($read, $write, $except, 0, 100000);
+
+                if ($ready === false) {
+                    $status = proc_get_status($process);
+                    if (!$status['running']) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if ($ready > 0) {
+                    foreach ($read as $pipe) {
+                        $chunk = fgets($pipe);
+                        if ($chunk !== false) {
+                            if ($console_output) {
+                                fwrite($console_res, $chunk);
+                            }
+                            if ($this->enable_log_file) {
+                                fwrite($file_res, $chunk);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                $status = proc_get_status($process);
+                if (!$status['running']) {
+                    // check exit code
+                    if ($status['exitcode'] !== 0) {
+                        if ($this->enable_log_file) {
+                            fwrite($file_res, "Command exited with non-zero code: {$status['exitcode']}\n");
+                        }
+                        throw new ExecutionException(
+                            cmd: $original_command ?? $cmd,
+                            message: "Command exited with non-zero code: {$status['exitcode']}",
+                            code: $status['exitcode'],
+                            cd: $this->cd,
+                            env: $this->env,
+                        );
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            fclose($pipes[1]);
+            fclose($pipes[2]);
+            fclose($file_res);
+            proc_close($process);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logs the command information to a log file.
+     */
+    abstract protected function logCommandInfo(string $cmd): void;
+}
diff --git a/src/SPC/util/UnixShell.php b/src/SPC/util/shell/UnixShell.php
similarity index 55%
rename from src/SPC/util/UnixShell.php
rename to src/SPC/util/shell/UnixShell.php
index 3e96e4bd..75a0be3d 100644
--- a/src/SPC/util/UnixShell.php
+++ b/src/SPC/util/shell/UnixShell.php
@@ -2,53 +2,38 @@
 
 declare(strict_types=1);
 
-namespace SPC\util;
+namespace SPC\util\shell;
 
 use SPC\builder\freebsd\library\BSDLibraryBase;
 use SPC\builder\linux\library\LinuxLibraryBase;
 use SPC\builder\macos\library\MacOSLibraryBase;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\SPCInternalException;
 use ZM\Logger\ConsoleColor;
 
-class UnixShell
+/**
+ * Unix-like OS shell command executor.
+ *
+ * This class provides methods to execute shell commands in a Unix-like environment.
+ * It supports setting environment variables and changing the working directory.
+ */
+class UnixShell extends Shell
 {
-    private ?string $cd = null;
-
-    private bool $debug;
-
-    private array $env = [];
-
-    /**
-     * @throws RuntimeException
-     */
     public function __construct(?bool $debug = null)
     {
         if (PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Windows') {
-            throw new RuntimeException('Windows cannot use UnixShell');
+            throw new SPCInternalException('Windows cannot use UnixShell');
         }
-        $this->debug = $debug ?? defined('DEBUG_MODE');
+        parent::__construct($debug);
     }
 
-    public function cd(string $dir): UnixShell
-    {
-        logger()->info('Entering dir: ' . $dir);
-        $c = clone $this;
-        $c->cd = $dir;
-        return $c;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @throws RuntimeException
-     */
-    public function exec(string $cmd): UnixShell
+    public function exec(string $cmd): static
     {
         /* @phpstan-ignore-next-line */
         logger()->info(ConsoleColor::yellow('[EXEC] ') . ConsoleColor::green($cmd));
-        $cmd = $this->getExecString($cmd);
-        if (!$this->debug) {
-            $cmd .= ' 1>/dev/null 2>&1';
-        }
-        f_passthru($cmd);
+        $original_command = $cmd;
+        $this->logCommandInfo($original_command);
+        $this->last_cmd = $cmd = $this->getExecString($cmd);
+        $this->passthru($cmd, $this->debug, $original_command);
         return $this;
     }
 
@@ -68,21 +53,6 @@ class UnixShell
         return $this;
     }
 
-    public function appendEnv(array $env): UnixShell
-    {
-        foreach ($env as $k => $v) {
-            if ($v === '') {
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (!isset($this->env[$k])) {
-                $this->env[$k] = $v;
-            } else {
-                $this->env[$k] = "{$v} {$this->env[$k]}";
-            }
-        }
-        return $this;
-    }
-
     public function execWithResult(string $cmd, bool $with_log = true): array
     {
         if ($with_log) {
@@ -97,17 +67,9 @@ class UnixShell
         return [$code, $out];
     }
 
-    public function setEnv(array $env): UnixShell
-    {
-        foreach ($env as $k => $v) {
-            if (trim($v) === '') {
-                continue;
-            }
-            $this->env[$k] = trim($v);
-        }
-        return $this;
-    }
-
+    /**
+     * Returns unix-style environment variable string.
+     */
     public function getEnvString(): string
     {
         $str = '';
@@ -117,9 +79,29 @@ class UnixShell
         return trim($str);
     }
 
+    protected function logCommandInfo(string $cmd): void
+    {
+        // write executed command to log file using fwrite
+        $log_file = fopen(SPC_SHELL_LOG, 'a');
+        fwrite($log_file, "\n>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> [" . date('Y-m-d H:i:s') . "]\n");
+        fwrite($log_file, "> Executing command: {$cmd}\n");
+        // get the backtrace to find the file and line number
+        $backtrace = debug_backtrace(DEBUG_BACKTRACE_IGNORE_ARGS, 2);
+        if (isset($backtrace[1]['file'], $backtrace[1]['line'])) {
+            $file = $backtrace[1]['file'];
+            $line = $backtrace[1]['line'];
+            fwrite($log_file, "> Called from: {$file} at line {$line}\n");
+        }
+        fwrite($log_file, "> Environment variables: {$this->getEnvString()}\n");
+        if ($this->cd !== null) {
+            fwrite($log_file, "> Working dir: {$this->cd}\n");
+        }
+        fwrite($log_file, "\n");
+    }
+
     private function getExecString(string $cmd): string
     {
-        logger()->debug('Executed at: ' . debug_backtrace()[0]['file'] . ':' . debug_backtrace()[0]['line']);
+        // logger()->debug('Executed at: ' . debug_backtrace()[0]['file'] . ':' . debug_backtrace()[0]['line']);
         $env_str = $this->getEnvString();
         if (!empty($env_str)) {
             $cmd = "{$env_str} {$cmd}";
diff --git a/src/SPC/util/shell/WindowsCmd.php b/src/SPC/util/shell/WindowsCmd.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..651bd67a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/SPC/util/shell/WindowsCmd.php
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace SPC\util\shell;
+
+use SPC\exception\SPCInternalException;
+use ZM\Logger\ConsoleColor;
+
+class WindowsCmd extends Shell
+{
+    public function __construct(?bool $debug = null)
+    {
+        if (PHP_OS_FAMILY !== 'Windows') {
+            throw new SPCInternalException('Only windows can use WindowsCmd');
+        }
+        parent::__construct($debug);
+    }
+
+    public function exec(string $cmd): static
+    {
+        /* @phpstan-ignore-next-line */
+        logger()->info(ConsoleColor::yellow('[EXEC] ') . ConsoleColor::green($cmd));
+
+        $original_command = $cmd;
+        $this->logCommandInfo($original_command);
+        $this->last_cmd = $cmd = $this->getExecString($cmd);
+        // echo $cmd . PHP_EOL;
+
+        $this->passthru($cmd, $this->debug, $original_command);
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function execWithWrapper(string $wrapper, string $args): WindowsCmd
+    {
+        return $this->exec($wrapper . ' "' . str_replace('"', '^"', $args) . '"');
+    }
+
+    public function execWithResult(string $cmd, bool $with_log = true): array
+    {
+        if ($with_log) {
+            /* @phpstan-ignore-next-line */
+            logger()->info(ConsoleColor::blue('[EXEC] ') . ConsoleColor::green($cmd));
+        } else {
+            logger()->debug('Running command with result: ' . $cmd);
+        }
+        exec($cmd, $out, $code);
+        return [$code, $out];
+    }
+
+    public function setEnv(array $env): static
+    {
+        // windows currently does not support setting environment variables
+        throw new SPCInternalException('Windows does not support setting environment variables in shell commands.');
+    }
+
+    public function appendEnv(array $env): static
+    {
+        // windows currently does not support appending environment variables
+        throw new SPCInternalException('Windows does not support appending environment variables in shell commands.');
+    }
+
+    public function getLastCommand(): string
+    {
+        return $this->last_cmd;
+    }
+
+    protected function logCommandInfo(string $cmd): void
+    {
+        // write executed command to the log file using fwrite
+        $log_file = fopen(SPC_SHELL_LOG, 'a');
+        fwrite($log_file, "\n>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> [" . date('Y-m-d H:i:s') . "]\n");
+        fwrite($log_file, "> Executing command: {$cmd}\n");
+        if ($this->cd !== null) {
+            fwrite($log_file, "> Working dir: {$this->cd}\n");
+        }
+        fwrite($log_file, "\n");
+    }
+
+    private function getExecString(string $cmd): string
+    {
+        if ($this->cd !== null) {
+            $cmd = 'cd /d ' . escapeshellarg($this->cd) . ' && ' . $cmd;
+        }
+        return $cmd;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/globals/functions.php b/src/globals/functions.php
index ea3db9d9..9dd1c17c 100644
--- a/src/globals/functions.php
+++ b/src/globals/functions.php
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ use SPC\builder\BuilderProvider;
 use SPC\exception\InterruptException;
 use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
 use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
-use SPC\util\UnixShell;
-use SPC\util\WindowsCmd;
+use SPC\util\shell\UnixShell;
+use SPC\util\shell\WindowsCmd;
 use ZM\Logger\ConsoleLogger;
 
 /**
diff --git a/tests/SPC/util/TestBase.php b/tests/SPC/util/TestBase.php
index c7e8b22d..fd82ccfb 100644
--- a/tests/SPC/util/TestBase.php
+++ b/tests/SPC/util/TestBase.php
@@ -48,17 +48,17 @@ abstract class TestBase extends TestCase
     /**
      * Create a UnixShell instance with debug disabled to suppress logs
      */
-    protected function createUnixShell(): \SPC\util\UnixShell
+    protected function createUnixShell(): \SPC\util\shell\UnixShell
     {
-        return new \SPC\util\UnixShell(false);
+        return new \SPC\util\shell\UnixShell(false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Create a WindowsCmd instance with debug disabled to suppress logs
      */
-    protected function createWindowsCmd(): \SPC\util\WindowsCmd
+    protected function createWindowsCmd(): \SPC\util\shell\WindowsCmd
     {
-        return new \SPC\util\WindowsCmd(false);
+        return new \SPC\util\shell\WindowsCmd(false);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/tests/SPC/util/UnixShellTest.php b/tests/SPC/util/UnixShellTest.php
index 0f16ead4..f65e5a40 100644
--- a/tests/SPC/util/UnixShellTest.php
+++ b/tests/SPC/util/UnixShellTest.php
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace SPC\Tests\util;
 
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
-use SPC\util\UnixShell;
+use SPC\exception\EnvironmentException;
+use SPC\util\shell\UnixShell;
 
 /**
  * @internal
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ final class UnixShellTest extends TestBase
             $this->markTestSkipped('This test is for Windows systems only');
         }
 
-        $this->expectException(RuntimeException::class);
+        $this->expectException(EnvironmentException::class);
         $this->expectExceptionMessage('Windows cannot use UnixShell');
 
         new UnixShell();
diff --git a/tests/SPC/util/WindowsCmdTest.php b/tests/SPC/util/WindowsCmdTest.php
index 7d64d7e3..fb4ee3f2 100644
--- a/tests/SPC/util/WindowsCmdTest.php
+++ b/tests/SPC/util/WindowsCmdTest.php
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace SPC\Tests\util;
 
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
-use SPC\util\WindowsCmd;
+use SPC\exception\SPCInternalException;
+use SPC\util\shell\WindowsCmd;
 
 /**
  * @internal
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ final class WindowsCmdTest extends TestBase
             $this->markTestSkipped('This test is for Unix systems only');
         }
 
-        $this->expectException(RuntimeException::class);
+        $this->expectException(SPCInternalException::class);
         $this->expectExceptionMessage('Only windows can use WindowsCmd');
 
         new WindowsCmd();