diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/Extension.php b/src/SPC/builder/Extension.php
index dae38a5d..75a008c1 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/Extension.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/Extension.php
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace SPC\builder;
 
-use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\EnvironmentException;
+use SPC\exception\SPCException;
+use SPC\exception\ValidationException;
 use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
 use SPC\store\Config;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
@@ -30,10 +31,10 @@ class Extension
         $unix_only = Config::getExt($this->name, 'unix-only', false);
         $windows_only = Config::getExt($this->name, 'windows-only', false);
         if (PHP_OS_FAMILY !== 'Windows' && $windows_only) {
-            throw new RuntimeException("{$ext_type} extension {$name} is not supported on Linux and macOS platform");
+            throw new EnvironmentException("{$ext_type} extension {$name} is not supported on Linux and macOS platform");
         }
         if (PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Windows' && $unix_only) {
-            throw new RuntimeException("{$ext_type} extension {$name} is not supported on Windows platform");
+            throw new EnvironmentException("{$ext_type} extension {$name} is not supported on Windows platform");
         }
         // set source_dir for builtin
         if ($ext_type === 'builtin') {
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ class Extension
         } elseif ($ext_type === 'external') {
             $source = Config::getExt($this->name, 'source');
             if ($source === null) {
-                throw new RuntimeException("{$ext_type} extension {$name} source not found");
+                throw new ValidationException("{$ext_type} extension {$name} source not found", validation_module: "Extension [{$name}] loader");
             }
             $source_path = Config::getSource($source)['path'] ?? null;
             $source_path = $source_path === null ? SOURCE_PATH . '/' . $source : SOURCE_PATH . '/' . $source_path;
@@ -287,13 +288,12 @@ class Extension
     {
         // Run compile check if build target is cli
         // If you need to run some check, overwrite this or add your assert in src/globals/ext-tests/{extension_name}.php
-        // If check failed, throw RuntimeException
         $sharedExtensions = $this->getSharedExtensionLoadString();
         [$ret, $out] = shell()->execWithResult(BUILD_BIN_PATH . '/php -n' . $sharedExtensions . ' --ri "' . $this->getDistName() . '"');
         if ($ret !== 0) {
-            throw new RuntimeException(
-                'extension ' . $this->getName() . ' failed runtime check: php-cli returned ' . $ret . "\n" .
-                join("\n", $out)
+            throw new ValidationException(
+                "extension {$this->getName()} failed compile check: php-cli returned {$ret}",
+                validation_module: 'Extension ' . $this->getName() . ' sanity check'
             );
         }
 
@@ -307,8 +307,10 @@ class Extension
 
             [$ret, $out] = shell()->execWithResult(BUILD_BIN_PATH . '/php -n' . $sharedExtensions . ' -r "' . trim($test) . '"');
             if ($ret !== 0) {
-                var_dump($out);
-                throw new RuntimeException('extension ' . $this->getName() . ' failed sanity check');
+                throw new ValidationException(
+                    "extension {$this->getName()} failed sanity check. Code: {$ret}, output: " . implode("\n", $out),
+                    validation_module: 'Extension ' . $this->getName() . ' function check'
+                );
             }
         }
     }
@@ -317,10 +319,9 @@ class Extension
     {
         // Run compile check if build target is cli
         // If you need to run some check, overwrite this or add your assert in src/globals/ext-tests/{extension_name}.php
-        // If check failed, throw RuntimeException
         [$ret] = cmd()->execWithResult(BUILD_ROOT_PATH . '/bin/php.exe -n --ri "' . $this->getDistName() . '"', false);
         if ($ret !== 0) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('extension ' . $this->getName() . ' failed compile check: php-cli returned ' . $ret);
+            throw new ValidationException("extension {$this->getName()} failed compile check: php-cli returned {$ret}", validation_module: "Extension {$this->getName()} sanity check");
         }
 
         if (file_exists(FileSystem::convertPath(ROOT_DIR . '/src/globals/ext-tests/' . $this->getName() . '.php'))) {
@@ -333,7 +334,10 @@ class Extension
 
             [$ret] = cmd()->execWithResult(BUILD_ROOT_PATH . '/bin/php.exe -n -r "' . trim($test) . '"');
             if ($ret !== 0) {
-                throw new RuntimeException('extension ' . $this->getName() . ' failed sanity check');
+                throw new ValidationException(
+                    "extension {$this->getName()} failed function check",
+                    validation_module: "Extension {$this->getName()} function check"
+                );
             }
         }
     }
@@ -348,34 +352,39 @@ class Extension
      */
     public function buildShared(): void
     {
-        if (Config::getExt($this->getName(), 'type') === 'builtin' || Config::getExt($this->getName(), 'build-with-php') === true) {
+        try {
+            if (Config::getExt($this->getName(), 'type') === 'builtin' || Config::getExt($this->getName(), 'build-with-php') === true) {
+                if (file_exists(BUILD_MODULES_PATH . '/' . $this->getName() . '.so')) {
+                    logger()->info('Shared extension [' . $this->getName() . '] was already built by php-src/configure (' . $this->getName() . '.so)');
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (Config::getExt($this->getName(), 'build-with-php') === true) {
+                    logger()->warning('Shared extension [' . $this->getName() . '] did not build with php-src/configure (' . $this->getName() . '.so)');
+                    logger()->warning('Try deleting your build and source folders and running `spc build`` again.');
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
             if (file_exists(BUILD_MODULES_PATH . '/' . $this->getName() . '.so')) {
-                logger()->info('Shared extension [' . $this->getName() . '] was already built by php-src/configure (' . $this->getName() . '.so)');
-                return;
+                logger()->info('Shared extension [' . $this->getName() . '] was already built, skipping (' . $this->getName() . '.so)');
             }
-            if (Config::getExt($this->getName(), 'build-with-php') === true) {
-                logger()->warning('Shared extension [' . $this->getName() . '] did not build with php-src/configure (' . $this->getName() . '.so)');
-                logger()->warning('Try deleting your build and source folders and running `spc build`` again.');
-                return;
+            logger()->info('Building extension [' . $this->getName() . '] as shared extension (' . $this->getName() . '.so)');
+            foreach ($this->dependencies as $dependency) {
+                if (!$dependency instanceof Extension) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (!$dependency->isBuildStatic()) {
+                    logger()->info('extension ' . $this->getName() . ' requires extension ' . $dependency->getName());
+                    $dependency->buildShared();
+                }
             }
+            match (PHP_OS_FAMILY) {
+                'Darwin', 'Linux' => $this->buildUnixShared(),
+                default => throw new WrongUsageException(PHP_OS_FAMILY . ' build shared extensions is not supported yet'),
+            };
+        } catch (SPCException $e) {
+            $e->bindExtensionInfo(['extension_name' => $this->getName()]);
+            throw $e;
         }
-        if (file_exists(BUILD_MODULES_PATH . '/' . $this->getName() . '.so')) {
-            logger()->info('Shared extension [' . $this->getName() . '] was already built, skipping (' . $this->getName() . '.so)');
-        }
-        logger()->info('Building extension [' . $this->getName() . '] as shared extension (' . $this->getName() . '.so)');
-        foreach ($this->dependencies as $dependency) {
-            if (!$dependency instanceof Extension) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (!$dependency->isBuildStatic()) {
-                logger()->info('extension ' . $this->getName() . ' requires extension ' . $dependency->getName());
-                $dependency->buildShared();
-            }
-        }
-        match (PHP_OS_FAMILY) {
-            'Darwin', 'Linux' => $this->buildUnixShared(),
-            default => throw new WrongUsageException(PHP_OS_FAMILY . ' build shared extensions is not supported yet'),
-        };
     }
 
     /**
@@ -479,7 +488,7 @@ class Extension
         $depLib = $this->builder->getLib($name);
         if (!$depLib) {
             if (!$optional) {
-                throw new RuntimeException("extension {$this->name} requires library {$name}");
+                throw new WrongUsageException("extension {$this->name} requires library {$name}");
             }
             logger()->info("enabling {$this->name} without library {$name}");
         } else {
@@ -492,7 +501,7 @@ class Extension
         $depExt = $this->builder->getExt($name);
         if (!$depExt) {
             if (!$optional) {
-                throw new RuntimeException("{$this->name} requires extension {$name}");
+                throw new WrongUsageException("{$this->name} requires extension {$name} which is not included");
             }
             logger()->info("enabling {$this->name} without extension {$name}");
         } else {
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/LibraryBase.php b/src/SPC/builder/LibraryBase.php
index 1e0d287e..c88e8d96 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/LibraryBase.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/LibraryBase.php
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace SPC\builder;
 
-use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\SPCException;
+use SPC\exception\SPCInternalException;
 use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
 use SPC\store\Config;
 use SPC\store\Downloader;
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ abstract class LibraryBase
     public function __construct(?string $source_dir = null)
     {
         if (static::NAME === 'unknown') {
-            throw new RuntimeException('no unknown!!!!!');
+            throw new SPCInternalException('Please set the NAME constant in ' . static::class);
         }
-        $this->source_dir = $source_dir ?? (SOURCE_PATH . '/' . Config::getLib(static::NAME, 'source'));
+        $this->source_dir = $source_dir ?? (SOURCE_PATH . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . Config::getLib(static::NAME, 'source'));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ abstract class LibraryBase
                 FileSystem::extractPackage($install_file, $lock['source_type'], DOWNLOAD_PATH . '/' . $install_file, BUILD_ROOT_PATH);
                 $this->install();
                 return LIB_STATUS_OK;
-            } catch (FileSystemException|RuntimeException $e) {
+            } catch (SPCException $e) {
                 logger()->error('Failed to extract pre-built library [' . static::NAME . ']: ' . $e->getMessage());
                 return LIB_STATUS_INSTALL_FAILED;
             }
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ abstract class LibraryBase
         }
         $replace_items = json_decode(file_get_contents($replace_item_file), true);
         if (!is_array($replace_items)) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('Invalid placeholder file: ' . $replace_item_file);
+            throw new SPCInternalException("Invalid placeholder file: {$replace_item_file}");
         }
         $placeholders = get_pack_replace();
         // replace placeholders in BUILD_ROOT_PATH
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ abstract class LibraryBase
             return;
         }
         if (!$optional) {
-            throw new RuntimeException(static::NAME . " requires library {$name}");
+            throw new WrongUsageException(static::NAME . " requires library {$name} but it is not included");
         }
         logger()->debug('enabling ' . static::NAME . " without {$name}");
     }
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/extension/curl.php b/src/SPC/builder/extension/curl.php
index 0a9c6a1c..58347601 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/extension/curl.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/extension/curl.php
@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@ use SPC\builder\Extension;
 use SPC\builder\linux\LinuxBuilder;
 use SPC\builder\macos\MacOSBuilder;
 use SPC\builder\windows\WindowsBuilder;
-use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
-use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
+use SPC\exception\PatchException;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 use SPC\util\CustomExt;
 
@@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ class curl extends Extension
         );
 
         if ($patched === null) {
-            throw new \RuntimeException('Failed to patch config.m4 due to a regex error');
+            throw new PatchException('shared extension curl patcher', 'Failed to patch config.m4 due to a regex error');
         }
 
         FileSystem::writeFile($file, $patched);
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/extension/grpc.php b/src/SPC/builder/extension/grpc.php
index bda36004..61af6c04 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/extension/grpc.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/extension/grpc.php
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ namespace SPC\builder\extension;
 
 use SPC\builder\Extension;
 use SPC\builder\windows\WindowsBuilder;
+use SPC\exception\ValidationException;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 use SPC\util\CustomExt;
 use SPC\util\GlobalEnvManager;
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ class grpc extends Extension
     public function patchBeforeBuildconf(): bool
     {
         if ($this->builder instanceof WindowsBuilder) {
-            throw new \RuntimeException('grpc extension does not support windows yet');
+            throw new ValidationException('grpc extension does not support windows yet');
         }
         if (file_exists(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/ext/grpc')) {
             return false;
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ class grpc extends Extension
         if (is_dir($this->source_dir . '/src/php/ext/grpc')) {
             shell()->exec('ln -s ' . $this->source_dir . '/src/php/ext/grpc ' . SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/ext/grpc');
         } else {
-            throw new \RuntimeException('Cannot find grpc source code');
+            throw new ValidationException('Cannot find grpc source code in ' . $this->source_dir . '/src/php/ext/grpc');
         }
         if (SPCTarget::getTargetOS() === 'Darwin') {
             FileSystem::replaceFileRegex(
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/extension/mbregex.php b/src/SPC/builder/extension/mbregex.php
index 0e1cad28..1132eeb2 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/extension/mbregex.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/extension/mbregex.php
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\builder\extension;
 
 use SPC\builder\Extension;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\ValidationException;
 use SPC\util\CustomExt;
 
 #[CustomExt('mbregex')]
@@ -16,11 +16,6 @@ class mbregex extends Extension
         return 'mbstring';
     }
 
-    public function getConfigureArg(bool $shared = false): string
-    {
-        return '';
-    }
-
     /**
      * mbregex is not an extension, we need to overwrite the default check.
      */
@@ -29,7 +24,7 @@ class mbregex extends Extension
         $sharedext = $this->builder->getExt('mbstring')->isBuildShared() ? '-d "extension_dir=' . BUILD_MODULES_PATH . '" -d "extension=mbstring"' : '';
         [$ret] = shell()->execWithResult(BUILD_ROOT_PATH . '/bin/php -n' . $sharedext . ' --ri "mbstring" | grep regex', false);
         if ($ret !== 0) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('extension ' . $this->getName() . ' failed compile check: compiled php-cli mbstring extension does not contain regex !');
+            throw new ValidationException("Extension {$this->getName()} failed compile check: compiled php-cli mbstring extension does not contain regex !");
         }
     }
 
@@ -37,11 +32,11 @@ class mbregex extends Extension
     {
         [$ret, $out] = cmd()->execWithResult(BUILD_ROOT_PATH . '/bin/php -n  --ri "mbstring"', false);
         if ($ret !== 0) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('extension ' . $this->getName() . ' failed compile check: compiled php-cli does not contain mbstring !');
+            throw new ValidationException("extension {$this->getName()} failed compile check: compiled php-cli does not contain mbstring !");
         }
         $out = implode("\n", $out);
         if (!str_contains($out, 'regex')) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('extension ' . $this->getName() . ' failed compile check: compiled php-cli mbstring extension does not contain regex !');
+            throw new ValidationException("extension {$this->getName()} failed compile check: compiled php-cli mbstring extension does not contain regex !");
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/extension/opentelemetry.php b/src/SPC/builder/extension/opentelemetry.php
index 4b3c5aaa..924c9ea2 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/extension/opentelemetry.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/extension/opentelemetry.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\builder\extension;
 
 use SPC\builder\Extension;
+use SPC\exception\ValidationException;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 use SPC\util\CustomExt;
 use SPC\util\GlobalEnvManager;
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ class opentelemetry extends Extension
     public function validate(): void
     {
         if ($this->builder->getPHPVersionID() < 80000 && getenv('SPC_SKIP_PHP_VERSION_CHECK') !== 'yes') {
-            throw new \RuntimeException('The opentelemetry extension requires PHP 8.0 or later');
+            throw new ValidationException('The opentelemetry extension requires PHP 8.0 or later');
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/extension/password_argon2.php b/src/SPC/builder/extension/password_argon2.php
index 7a3d8e0c..30e6fd2c 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/extension/password_argon2.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/extension/password_argon2.php
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\builder\extension;
 
 use SPC\builder\Extension;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\ValidationException;
 use SPC\util\CustomExt;
 
 #[CustomExt('password-argon2')]
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class password_argon2 extends Extension
     {
         [$ret] = shell()->execWithResult(BUILD_ROOT_PATH . '/bin/php -n -r "assert(defined(\'PASSWORD_ARGON2I\'));"');
         if ($ret !== 0) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('extension ' . $this->getName() . ' failed sanity check');
+            throw new ValidationException('extension ' . $this->getName() . ' failed sanity check', validation_module: 'password_argon2 function check');
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/extension/protobuf.php b/src/SPC/builder/extension/protobuf.php
index 0aa6ed51..fd84dfec 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/extension/protobuf.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/extension/protobuf.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\builder\extension;
 
 use SPC\builder\Extension;
+use SPC\exception\ValidationException;
 use SPC\util\CustomExt;
 
 #[CustomExt('protobuf')]
@@ -13,12 +14,12 @@ class protobuf extends Extension
     public function validate(): void
     {
         if ($this->builder->getPHPVersionID() < 80000 && getenv('SPC_SKIP_PHP_VERSION_CHECK') !== 'yes') {
-            throw new \RuntimeException('The latest protobuf extension requires PHP 8.0 or later');
+            throw new ValidationException('The latest protobuf extension requires PHP 8.0 or later');
         }
         $grpc = $this->builder->getExt('grpc');
         // protobuf conflicts with grpc
         if ($grpc?->isBuildStatic()) {
-            throw new \RuntimeException('protobuf conflicts with grpc, please remove grpc or protobuf extension');
+            throw new ValidationException('protobuf conflicts with grpc, please remove grpc or protobuf extension');
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/extension/swoole_hook_mysql.php b/src/SPC/builder/extension/swoole_hook_mysql.php
index b45516ee..273e8ec0 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/extension/swoole_hook_mysql.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/extension/swoole_hook_mysql.php
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\builder\extension;
 
 use SPC\builder\Extension;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\ValidationException;
 use SPC\util\CustomExt;
 
 #[CustomExt('swoole-hook-mysql')]
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ class swoole_hook_mysql extends Extension
         [$ret, $out] = shell()->execWithResult(BUILD_ROOT_PATH . '/bin/php -n' . $this->getSharedExtensionLoadString() . ' --ri "swoole"', false);
         $out = implode('', $out);
         if ($ret !== 0) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('extension ' . $this->getName() . ' failed compile check: php-cli returned ' . $ret);
+            throw new ValidationException("extension {$this->getName()} failed compile check: php-cli returned {$ret}", validation_module: 'extension swoole_hook_mysql sanity check');
         }
         if (!str_contains($out, 'mysqlnd')) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('swoole mysql hook is not enabled correctly.');
+            throw new ValidationException('swoole mysql hook is not enabled correctly.', validation_module: 'Extension swoole mysql hook avilability check');
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/extension/swoole_hook_pgsql.php b/src/SPC/builder/extension/swoole_hook_pgsql.php
index dfbf7dc8..9849de7b 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/extension/swoole_hook_pgsql.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/extension/swoole_hook_pgsql.php
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\builder\extension;
 
 use SPC\builder\Extension;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\ValidationException;
 use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
 use SPC\util\CustomExt;
 
@@ -41,10 +41,16 @@ class swoole_hook_pgsql extends Extension
         [$ret, $out] = shell()->execWithResult(BUILD_BIN_PATH . '/php -n' . $sharedExtensions . ' --ri "' . $this->getDistName() . '"');
         $out = implode('', $out);
         if ($ret !== 0) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('extension ' . $this->getName() . ' failed compile check: php-cli returned ' . $ret);
+            throw new ValidationException(
+                "extension {$this->getName()} failed sanity check: php-cli returned {$ret}",
+                validation_module: 'Extension swoole-hook-pgsql sanity check'
+            );
         }
         if (!str_contains($out, 'coroutine_pgsql')) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('swoole pgsql hook is not enabled correctly.');
+            throw new ValidationException(
+                'swoole pgsql hook is not enabled correctly.',
+                validation_module: 'Extension swoole pgsql hook availability check'
+            );
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/extension/swoole_hook_sqlite.php b/src/SPC/builder/extension/swoole_hook_sqlite.php
index 29e9ef84..1a8fff6d 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/extension/swoole_hook_sqlite.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/extension/swoole_hook_sqlite.php
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\builder\extension;
 
 use SPC\builder\Extension;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\ValidationException;
 use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
 use SPC\util\CustomExt;
 
@@ -41,10 +41,10 @@ class swoole_hook_sqlite extends Extension
         [$ret, $out] = shell()->execWithResult(BUILD_BIN_PATH . '/php -n' . $sharedExtensions . ' --ri "' . $this->getDistName() . '"');
         $out = implode('', $out);
         if ($ret !== 0) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('extension ' . $this->getName() . ' failed compile check: php-cli returned ' . $ret);
+            throw new ValidationException("extension {$this->getName()} failed compile check: php-cli returned {$ret}", validation_module: "Extension {$this->getName()} sanity check");
         }
         if (!str_contains($out, 'coroutine_sqlite')) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('swoole sqlite hook is not enabled correctly.');
+            throw new ValidationException('swoole sqlite hook is not enabled correctly.', validation_module: 'Extension swoole sqlite hook availability check');
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/extension/swow.php b/src/SPC/builder/extension/swow.php
index 77f67d26..e2a5cbad 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/extension/swow.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/extension/swow.php
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\builder\extension;
 
 use SPC\builder\Extension;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\ValidationException;
 use SPC\util\CustomExt;
 
 #[CustomExt('swow')]
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class swow extends Extension
     public function validate(): void
     {
         if ($this->builder->getPHPVersionID() < 80000 && getenv('SPC_SKIP_PHP_VERSION_CHECK') !== 'yes') {
-            throw new RuntimeException('The latest swow extension requires PHP 8.0 or later');
+            throw new ValidationException('The latest swow extension requires PHP 8.0 or later');
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/extension/uv.php b/src/SPC/builder/extension/uv.php
index d803a750..0834578f 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/extension/uv.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/extension/uv.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\builder\extension;
 
 use SPC\builder\Extension;
+use SPC\exception\ValidationException;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 use SPC\util\CustomExt;
 
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ class uv extends Extension
     public function validate(): void
     {
         if ($this->builder->getPHPVersionID() < 80000 && getenv('SPC_SKIP_PHP_VERSION_CHECK') !== 'yes') {
-            throw new \RuntimeException('The latest uv extension requires PHP 8.0 or later');
+            throw new ValidationException('The latest uv extension requires PHP 8.0 or later');
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/extension/xml.php b/src/SPC/builder/extension/xml.php
index f4b5f569..a111ed39 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/extension/xml.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/extension/xml.php
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\builder\extension;
 
 use SPC\builder\Extension;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\SPCInternalException;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 use SPC\util\CustomExt;
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class xml extends Extension
             'xmlreader' => '--enable-xmlreader',
             'xmlwriter' => '--enable-xmlwriter',
             'simplexml' => '--enable-simplexml',
-            default => throw new RuntimeException('Not accept non-xml extension'),
+            default => throw new SPCInternalException('Not accept non-xml extension'),
         };
         $arg .= ($shared ? '=shared' : '') . ' --with-libxml="' . BUILD_ROOT_PATH . '"';
         return $arg;
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class xml extends Extension
             'xmlreader' => '--enable-xmlreader',
             'xmlwriter' => '--enable-xmlwriter',
             'simplexml' => '--with-simplexml',
-            default => throw new RuntimeException('Not accept non-xml extension'),
+            default => throw new SPCInternalException('Not accept non-xml extension'),
         };
         $arg .= ' --with-libxml';
         return $arg;
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/freebsd/SystemUtil.php b/src/SPC/builder/freebsd/SystemUtil.php
index 782586e2..cbc206b9 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/freebsd/SystemUtil.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/freebsd/SystemUtil.php
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\builder\freebsd;
 
 use SPC\builder\traits\UnixSystemUtilTrait;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\EnvironmentException;
 use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
 
 class SystemUtil
@@ -20,7 +20,10 @@ class SystemUtil
     {
         [$ret, $output] = shell()->execWithResult('sysctl -n hw.ncpu');
         if ($ret !== 0) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('Failed to get cpu count');
+            throw new EnvironmentException(
+                'Failed to get cpu count from FreeBSD sysctl',
+                'Please ensure you are running this command on a FreeBSD system and have the sysctl command available.'
+            );
         }
 
         return (int) $output[0];
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/linux/LinuxBuilder.php b/src/SPC/builder/linux/LinuxBuilder.php
index 8eb766f2..e7736852 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/linux/LinuxBuilder.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/linux/LinuxBuilder.php
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ class LinuxBuilder extends UnixBuilderBase
                 $out[1] = explode(' ', $out[1]);
                 $offset = $out[1][0];
                 if ($ret !== 0 || !str_starts_with($offset, '0x')) {
-                    throw new RuntimeException('Cannot find offset in readelf output');
+                    throw new PatchException('phpmicro UPX patcher', 'Cannot find offset in readelf output');
                 }
                 $offset = hexdec($offset);
                 // remove upx extra wastes
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/macos/SystemUtil.php b/src/SPC/builder/macos/SystemUtil.php
index 74846ecf..a75a78a1 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/macos/SystemUtil.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/macos/SystemUtil.php
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\builder\macos;
 
 use SPC\builder\traits\UnixSystemUtilTrait;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\EnvironmentException;
 use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
 
 class SystemUtil
@@ -18,12 +18,15 @@ class SystemUtil
      */
     public static function getCpuCount(): int
     {
-        [$ret, $output] = shell()->execWithResult('sysctl -n hw.ncpu', false);
+        $cpu = exec('sysctl -n hw.ncpu', $output, $ret);
         if ($ret !== 0) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('Failed to get cpu count');
+            throw new EnvironmentException(
+                'Failed to get cpu count from macOS sysctl',
+                'Please ensure you are running this command on a macOS system and have the sysctl command available.'
+            );
         }
 
-        return (int) $output[0];
+        return (int) $cpu;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/traits/UnixLibraryTrait.php b/src/SPC/builder/traits/UnixLibraryTrait.php
index 739d16a9..868cf6f7 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/traits/UnixLibraryTrait.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/traits/UnixLibraryTrait.php
@@ -4,9 +4,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace SPC\builder\traits;
 
-use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
-use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
+use SPC\exception\PatchException;
 use SPC\store\Config;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 use SPC\util\SPCConfigUtil;
@@ -38,7 +36,7 @@ trait UnixLibraryTrait
         foreach ($files as $name) {
             $realpath = realpath(BUILD_ROOT_PATH . '/lib/pkgconfig/' . $name);
             if ($realpath === false) {
-                throw new RuntimeException('Cannot find library [' . static::NAME . '] pkgconfig file [' . $name . '] !');
+                throw new PatchException('pkg-config prefix patcher', 'Cannot find library [' . static::NAME . '] pkgconfig file [' . $name . '] in ' . BUILD_LIB_PATH . '/pkgconfig/ !');
             }
             logger()->debug('Patching ' . $realpath);
             // replace prefix
@@ -65,7 +63,7 @@ trait UnixLibraryTrait
             $realpath = realpath(BUILD_LIB_PATH . '/' . $name);
             if ($realpath === false) {
                 if ($throwOnMissing) {
-                    throw new RuntimeException('Cannot find library [' . static::NAME . '] la file [' . $name . '] !');
+                    throw new PatchException('la dependency patcher', 'Cannot find library [' . static::NAME . '] la file [' . $name . '] !');
                 }
                 logger()->warning('Cannot find library [' . static::NAME . '] la file [' . $name . '] !');
                 continue;
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/traits/openssl.php b/src/SPC/builder/traits/openssl.php
index 47becc99..6ffef33a 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/traits/openssl.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/traits/openssl.php
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace SPC\builder\traits;
 
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\SPCException;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 use SPC\util\PkgConfigUtil;
 
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ trait openssl
         if (PHP_OS_FAMILY !== 'Windows') {
             try {
                 return PkgConfigUtil::getModuleVersion('openssl');
-            } catch (RuntimeException) {
+            } catch (SPCException) {
             }
         }
         // get openssl version from header openssl/opensslv.h
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/unix/UnixBuilderBase.php b/src/SPC/builder/unix/UnixBuilderBase.php
index 73cb4e07..d9a72c21 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/unix/UnixBuilderBase.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/unix/UnixBuilderBase.php
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\builder\unix;
 
 use SPC\builder\BuilderBase;
-use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\SPCInternalException;
+use SPC\exception\ValidationException;
 use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
 use SPC\store\Config;
 use SPC\store\CurlHook;
@@ -56,7 +56,14 @@ abstract class UnixBuilderBase extends BuilderBase
             }
             // if some libs are not supported (but in config "lib.json", throw exception)
             if (!isset($support_lib_list[$library])) {
-                throw new WrongUsageException('library [' . $library . '] is in the lib.json list but not supported to compile, but in the future I will support it!');
+                $os = match (PHP_OS_FAMILY) {
+                    'Linux' => 'Linux',
+                    'Darwin' => 'macOS',
+                    'Windows' => 'Windows',
+                    'BSD' => 'FreeBSD',
+                    default => PHP_OS_FAMILY,
+                };
+                throw new WrongUsageException("library [{$library}] is in the lib.json list but not supported to build on {$os}.");
             }
             $lib = new ($support_lib_list[$library])($this);
             $this->addLib($lib);
@@ -80,7 +87,7 @@ abstract class UnixBuilderBase extends BuilderBase
             [$ret, $output] = shell()->execWithResult(BUILD_BIN_PATH . '/php -n -r "echo \"hello\";"');
             $raw_output = implode('', $output);
             if ($ret !== 0 || trim($raw_output) !== 'hello') {
-                throw new RuntimeException("cli failed sanity check: ret[{$ret}]. out[{$raw_output}]");
+                throw new ValidationException("cli failed sanity check. code: {$ret}, output: {$raw_output}", validation_module: 'php-cli sanity check');
             }
 
             foreach ($this->getExts() as $ext) {
@@ -103,7 +110,10 @@ abstract class UnixBuilderBase extends BuilderBase
                 foreach ($task['conditions'] as $condition => $closure) {
                     if (!$closure($ret, $out)) {
                         $raw_out = trim(implode('', $out));
-                        throw new RuntimeException("micro failed sanity check: {$task_name}, condition [{$condition}], ret[{$ret}], out[{$raw_out}]");
+                        throw new ValidationException(
+                            "failure info: {$condition}, code: {$ret}, output: {$raw_out}",
+                            validation_module: "phpmicro sanity check item [{$task_name}]"
+                        );
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -142,11 +152,17 @@ abstract class UnixBuilderBase extends BuilderBase
             }
             [$ret, $out] = shell()->cd($sample_file_path)->execWithResult(getenv('CC') . ' -o embed embed.c ' . $lens);
             if ($ret !== 0) {
-                throw new RuntimeException('embed failed sanity check: build failed. Error message: ' . implode("\n", $out));
+                throw new ValidationException(
+                    'embed failed sanity check: build failed. Error message: ' . implode("\n", $out),
+                    validation_module: 'static libphp.a sanity check'
+                );
             }
             [$ret, $output] = shell()->cd($sample_file_path)->execWithResult($ext_path . './embed');
             if ($ret !== 0 || trim(implode('', $output)) !== 'hello') {
-                throw new RuntimeException('embed failed sanity check: run failed. Error message: ' . implode("\n", $output));
+                throw new ValidationException(
+                    'embed failed sanity check: run failed. Error message: ' . implode("\n", $output),
+                    validation_module: 'static libphp.a sanity check'
+                );
             }
         }
 
@@ -155,14 +171,20 @@ abstract class UnixBuilderBase extends BuilderBase
             logger()->info('running frankenphp sanity check');
             $frankenphp = BUILD_BIN_PATH . '/frankenphp';
             if (!file_exists($frankenphp)) {
-                throw new RuntimeException('FrankenPHP binary not found: ' . $frankenphp);
+                throw new ValidationException(
+                    "FrankenPHP binary not found: {$frankenphp}",
+                    validation_module: 'FrankenPHP sanity check'
+                );
             }
             $prefix = PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Darwin' ? 'DYLD_' : 'LD_';
             [$ret, $output] = shell()
                 ->setEnv(["{$prefix}LIBRARY_PATH" => BUILD_LIB_PATH])
                 ->execWithResult("{$frankenphp} version");
             if ($ret !== 0 || !str_contains(implode('', $output), 'FrankenPHP')) {
-                throw new RuntimeException('FrankenPHP failed sanity check: ret[' . $ret . ']. out[' . implode('', $output) . ']');
+                throw new ValidationException(
+                    'FrankenPHP failed sanity check: ret[' . $ret . ']. out[' . implode('', $output) . ']',
+                    validation_module: 'FrankenPHP sanity check'
+                );
             }
         }
     }
@@ -178,7 +200,7 @@ abstract class UnixBuilderBase extends BuilderBase
             BUILD_TARGET_CLI => SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/sapi/cli/php',
             BUILD_TARGET_MICRO => SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/sapi/micro/micro.sfx',
             BUILD_TARGET_FPM => SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src/sapi/fpm/php-fpm',
-            default => throw new RuntimeException('Deployment does not accept type ' . $type),
+            default => throw new SPCInternalException("Deployment does not accept type {$type}"),
         };
         logger()->info('Deploying ' . $this->getBuildTypeName($type) . ' file');
         FileSystem::createDir(BUILD_BIN_PATH);
@@ -191,7 +213,7 @@ abstract class UnixBuilderBase extends BuilderBase
      */
     protected function cleanMake(): void
     {
-        logger()->info('cleaning up');
+        logger()->info('cleaning up php-src build files');
         shell()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . '/php-src')->exec('make clean');
     }
 
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/fastlz.php b/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/fastlz.php
index db0b7f79..49466475 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/fastlz.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/fastlz.php
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace SPC\builder\unix\library;
 
+use SPC\exception\BuildFailureException;
+
 trait fastlz
 {
     protected function build(): void
@@ -13,10 +15,10 @@ trait fastlz
             ->exec((getenv('AR') ?: 'ar') . ' rcs libfastlz.a fastlz.o');
 
         if (!copy($this->source_dir . '/fastlz.h', BUILD_INCLUDE_PATH . '/fastlz.h')) {
-            throw new \RuntimeException('Failed to copy fastlz.h');
+            throw new BuildFailureException('Failed to copy fastlz.h, file does not exist');
         }
         if (!copy($this->source_dir . '/libfastlz.a', BUILD_LIB_PATH . '/libfastlz.a')) {
-            throw new \RuntimeException('Failed to copy libfastlz.a');
+            throw new BuildFailureException('Failed to copy libfastlz.a, file does not exist');
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/postgresql.php b/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/postgresql.php
index 80564284..3bc6835d 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/postgresql.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/unix/library/postgresql.php
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\builder\unix\library;
 
 use SPC\builder\linux\library\LinuxLibraryBase;
+use SPC\exception\BuildFailureException;
 use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 use SPC\util\SPCTarget;
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ trait postgresql
             $envs .= " LIBS=\"{$libs}{$libcpp}\" ";
         }
         if ($error_exec_cnt > 0) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('Failed to get pkg-config information!');
+            throw new BuildFailureException('Failed to get pkg-config information!');
         }
 
         FileSystem::resetDir($this->source_dir . '/build');
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ trait postgresql
                 ->exec('sed -i.backup "278 s/^/# /"  ../src/Makefile.shlib')
                 ->exec('sed -i.backup "402 s/^/# /"  ../src/Makefile.shlib');
         } else {
-            throw new RuntimeException('Unsupported version for postgresql: ' . $version . ' !');
+            throw new BuildFailureException('Unsupported version for postgresql: ' . $version . ' !');
         }
 
         // configure
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/windows/SystemUtil.php b/src/SPC/builder/windows/SystemUtil.php
index c95697bd..3a0c23ae 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/windows/SystemUtil.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/windows/SystemUtil.php
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace SPC\builder\windows;
 
-use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 
 class SystemUtil
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/windows/WindowsBuilder.php b/src/SPC/builder/windows/WindowsBuilder.php
index 2e7c1154..3f21f639 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/windows/WindowsBuilder.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/windows/WindowsBuilder.php
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\builder\windows;
 
 use SPC\builder\BuilderBase;
-use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\SPCInternalException;
+use SPC\exception\ValidationException;
 use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
 use SPC\store\Config;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ class WindowsBuilder extends BuilderBase
             logger()->info('running cli sanity check');
             [$ret, $output] = cmd()->execWithResult(BUILD_ROOT_PATH . '\bin\php.exe -n -r "echo \"hello\";"');
             if ($ret !== 0 || trim(implode('', $output)) !== 'hello') {
-                throw new RuntimeException('cli failed sanity check');
+                throw new ValidationException('cli failed sanity check', validation_module: 'php-cli function check');
             }
 
             foreach ($this->getExts(false) as $ext) {
@@ -290,7 +290,10 @@ class WindowsBuilder extends BuilderBase
                 foreach ($task['conditions'] as $condition => $closure) {
                     if (!$closure($ret, $out)) {
                         $raw_out = trim(implode('', $out));
-                        throw new RuntimeException("micro failed sanity check: {$task_name}, condition [{$condition}], ret[{$ret}], out[{$raw_out}]");
+                        throw new ValidationException(
+                            "failure info: {$condition}, code: {$ret}, output: {$raw_out}",
+                            validation_module: "phpmicro sanity check item [{$task_name}]"
+                        );
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -308,7 +311,7 @@ class WindowsBuilder extends BuilderBase
         $src = match ($type) {
             BUILD_TARGET_CLI => SOURCE_PATH . "\\php-src\\x64\\Release{$ts}\\php.exe",
             BUILD_TARGET_MICRO => SOURCE_PATH . "\\php-src\\x64\\Release{$ts}\\micro.sfx",
-            default => throw new RuntimeException('Deployment does not accept type ' . $type),
+            default => throw new SPCInternalException("Deployment does not accept type {$type}"),
         };
 
         // with-upx-pack for cli and micro
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/windows/library/libsodium.php b/src/SPC/builder/windows/library/libsodium.php
index 95c35945..c2ddb9ac 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/windows/library/libsodium.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/windows/library/libsodium.php
@@ -5,24 +5,35 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\builder\windows\library;
 
 use SPC\builder\windows\SystemUtil;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\BuildFailureException;
+use SPC\exception\EnvironmentException;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 
 class libsodium extends WindowsLibraryBase
 {
     public const NAME = 'libsodium';
 
-    protected function build()
+    private string $vs_ver_dir;
+
+    public function validate(): void
     {
-        FileSystem::replaceFileStr($this->source_dir . '\src\libsodium\include\sodium\export.h', '#ifdef SODIUM_STATIC', '#if 1');
-        $vs_ver_dir = match (SystemUtil::findVisualStudio()['version']) {
+        $this->vs_ver_dir = match ($ver = SystemUtil::findVisualStudio()['version']) {
             'vs17' => '\vs2022',
             'vs16' => '\vs2019',
-            default => throw new RuntimeException('Current VS version is not supported yet!'),
+            default => throw new EnvironmentException("Current VS version {$ver} is not supported yet!"),
         };
+    }
 
+    public function patchBeforeBuild(): bool
+    {
+        FileSystem::replaceFileStr($this->source_dir . '\src\libsodium\include\sodium\export.h', '#ifdef SODIUM_STATIC', '#if 1');
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    protected function build(): void
+    {
         // start build
-        cmd()->cd($this->source_dir . '\builds\msvc\\' . $vs_ver_dir)
+        cmd()->cd($this->source_dir . '\builds\msvc' . $this->vs_ver_dir)
             ->execWithWrapper(
                 $this->builder->makeSimpleWrapper('msbuild'),
                 'libsodium.sln /t:Rebuild /p:Configuration=StaticRelease /p:Platform=x64 /p:PreprocessorDefinitions="SODIUM_STATIC=1"'
@@ -46,7 +57,7 @@ class libsodium extends WindowsLibraryBase
             }
         }
         if (!$find) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('libsodium.lib not found');
+            throw new BuildFailureException("Build libsodium success, but cannot find libsodium.lib in {$this->source_dir}\\bin .");
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/SPC/builder/windows/library/openssl.php b/src/SPC/builder/windows/library/openssl.php
index 09c0068b..491a33b4 100644
--- a/src/SPC/builder/windows/library/openssl.php
+++ b/src/SPC/builder/windows/library/openssl.php
@@ -5,23 +5,33 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\builder\windows\library;
 
 use SPC\builder\windows\SystemUtil;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\EnvironmentException;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 
 class openssl extends WindowsLibraryBase
 {
     public const NAME = 'openssl';
 
+    private ?string $perl;
+
+    public function validate(): void
+    {
+        global $argv;
+        $perl_path_native = PKG_ROOT_PATH . '\strawberry-perl-' . arch2gnu(php_uname('m')) . '-win\perl\bin\perl.exe';
+        $this->perl = file_exists($perl_path_native) ? ($perl_path_native) : SystemUtil::findCommand('perl.exe');
+        if ($this->perl === null) {
+            throw new EnvironmentException(
+                'You need to install perl first!',
+                "Please run \"{$argv[0]} doctor\" to fix the environment.",
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
     protected function build(): void
     {
-        $perl_path_native = PKG_ROOT_PATH . '\strawberry-perl-' . arch2gnu(php_uname('m')) . '-win\perl\bin\perl.exe';
-        $perl = file_exists($perl_path_native) ? ($perl_path_native) : SystemUtil::findCommand('perl.exe');
-        if ($perl === null) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('You need to install perl first! (easiest way is using static-php-cli command "doctor")');
-        }
         cmd()->cd($this->source_dir)
             ->execWithWrapper(
-                $this->builder->makeSimpleWrapper($perl),
+                $this->builder->makeSimpleWrapper($this->perl),
                 'Configure zlib VC-WIN64A ' .
                 'no-shared ' .
                 '--prefix=' . quote(BUILD_ROOT_PATH) . ' ' .
diff --git a/src/SPC/doctor/item/LinuxMuslCheck.php b/src/SPC/doctor/item/LinuxMuslCheck.php
index a52b32fd..76d59e23 100644
--- a/src/SPC/doctor/item/LinuxMuslCheck.php
+++ b/src/SPC/doctor/item/LinuxMuslCheck.php
@@ -9,10 +9,6 @@ use SPC\doctor\AsCheckItem;
 use SPC\doctor\AsFixItem;
 use SPC\doctor\CheckResult;
 use SPC\doctor\OptionalCheck;
-use SPC\exception\DownloaderException;
-use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
-use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
 use SPC\store\Downloader;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 use SPC\store\PackageManager;
@@ -58,55 +54,47 @@ class LinuxMuslCheck
     #[AsFixItem('fix-musl-wrapper')]
     public function fixMusl(): bool
     {
-        try {
-            $prefix = '';
-            if (get_current_user() !== 'root') {
-                $prefix = 'sudo ';
-                logger()->warning('Current user is not root, using sudo for running command');
-            }
-            // The hardcoded version here is to be consistent with the version compiled by `musl-cross-toolchain`.
-            $musl_version_name = 'musl-1.2.5';
-            $musl_source = [
-                'type' => 'url',
-                'url' => "https://musl.libc.org/releases/{$musl_version_name}.tar.gz",
-            ];
-            logger()->info('Downloading ' . $musl_source['url']);
-            Downloader::downloadSource($musl_version_name, $musl_source);
-            FileSystem::extractSource($musl_version_name, SPC_SOURCE_ARCHIVE, DOWNLOAD_PATH . "/{$musl_version_name}.tar.gz");
-
-            // Apply CVE-2025-26519 patch
-            SourcePatcher::patchFile('musl-1.2.5_CVE-2025-26519_0001.patch', SOURCE_PATH . "/{$musl_version_name}");
-            SourcePatcher::patchFile('musl-1.2.5_CVE-2025-26519_0002.patch', SOURCE_PATH . "/{$musl_version_name}");
-            logger()->info('Installing musl wrapper');
-            shell()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . "/{$musl_version_name}")
-                ->exec('CC=gcc CXX=g++ AR=ar LD=ld ./configure --disable-gcc-wrapper')
-                ->exec('CC=gcc CXX=g++ AR=ar LD=ld make -j')
-                ->exec("CC=gcc CXX=g++ AR=ar LD=ld {$prefix}make install");
-            // TODO: add path using putenv instead of editing /etc/profile
-            return true;
-        } catch (RuntimeException) {
-            return false;
+        $prefix = '';
+        if (get_current_user() !== 'root') {
+            $prefix = 'sudo ';
+            logger()->warning('Current user is not root, using sudo for running command');
         }
+        // The hardcoded version here is to be consistent with the version compiled by `musl-cross-toolchain`.
+        $musl_version_name = 'musl-1.2.5';
+        $musl_source = [
+            'type' => 'url',
+            'url' => "https://musl.libc.org/releases/{$musl_version_name}.tar.gz",
+        ];
+        logger()->info('Downloading ' . $musl_source['url']);
+        Downloader::downloadSource($musl_version_name, $musl_source);
+        FileSystem::extractSource($musl_version_name, SPC_SOURCE_ARCHIVE, DOWNLOAD_PATH . "/{$musl_version_name}.tar.gz");
+
+        // Apply CVE-2025-26519 patch
+        SourcePatcher::patchFile('musl-1.2.5_CVE-2025-26519_0001.patch', SOURCE_PATH . "/{$musl_version_name}");
+        SourcePatcher::patchFile('musl-1.2.5_CVE-2025-26519_0002.patch', SOURCE_PATH . "/{$musl_version_name}");
+        logger()->info('Installing musl wrapper');
+        shell()->cd(SOURCE_PATH . "/{$musl_version_name}")
+            ->exec('CC=gcc CXX=g++ AR=ar LD=ld ./configure --disable-gcc-wrapper')
+            ->exec('CC=gcc CXX=g++ AR=ar LD=ld make -j')
+            ->exec("CC=gcc CXX=g++ AR=ar LD=ld {$prefix}make install");
+        // TODO: add path using putenv instead of editing /etc/profile
+        return true;
     }
 
     #[AsFixItem('fix-musl-cross-make')]
     public function fixMuslCrossMake(): bool
     {
-        try {
-            $prefix = '';
-            if (get_current_user() !== 'root') {
-                $prefix = 'sudo ';
-                logger()->warning('Current user is not root, using sudo for running command');
-            }
-            $arch = arch2gnu(php_uname('m'));
-            logger()->info("Downloading package musl-toolchain-{$arch}-linux");
-            PackageManager::installPackage("musl-toolchain-{$arch}-linux");
-            $pkg_root = PKG_ROOT_PATH . "/musl-toolchain-{$arch}-linux";
-            shell()->exec("{$prefix}cp -rf {$pkg_root}/* /usr/local/musl");
-            FileSystem::removeDir($pkg_root);
-            return true;
-        } catch (RuntimeException) {
-            return false;
+        $prefix = '';
+        if (get_current_user() !== 'root') {
+            $prefix = 'sudo ';
+            logger()->warning('Current user is not root, using sudo for running command');
         }
+        $arch = arch2gnu(php_uname('m'));
+        logger()->info("Downloading package musl-toolchain-{$arch}-linux");
+        PackageManager::installPackage("musl-toolchain-{$arch}-linux");
+        $pkg_root = PKG_ROOT_PATH . "/musl-toolchain-{$arch}-linux";
+        shell()->exec("{$prefix}cp -rf {$pkg_root}/* /usr/local/musl");
+        FileSystem::removeDir($pkg_root);
+        return true;
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/SPC/doctor/item/LinuxToolCheckList.php b/src/SPC/doctor/item/LinuxToolCheckList.php
index 5db566fa..c07a32da 100644
--- a/src/SPC/doctor/item/LinuxToolCheckList.php
+++ b/src/SPC/doctor/item/LinuxToolCheckList.php
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use SPC\builder\traits\UnixSystemUtilTrait;
 use SPC\doctor\AsCheckItem;
 use SPC\doctor\AsFixItem;
 use SPC\doctor\CheckResult;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\EnvironmentException;
 
 class LinuxToolCheckList
 {
@@ -74,16 +74,7 @@ class LinuxToolCheckList
             }
         }
         if (!empty($missing)) {
-            return match ($distro['dist']) {
-                'ubuntu',
-                'alpine',
-                'redhat',
-                'centos',
-                'Deepin',
-                'arch',
-                'debian' => CheckResult::fail(implode(', ', $missing) . ' not installed on your system', 'install-linux-tools', [$distro, $missing]),
-                default => CheckResult::fail(implode(', ', $missing) . ' not installed on your system'),
-            };
+            return CheckResult::fail(implode(', ', $missing) . ' not installed on your system', 'install-linux-tools', [$distro, $missing]);
         }
         return CheckResult::ok();
     }
@@ -123,22 +114,23 @@ class LinuxToolCheckList
             'redhat' => 'dnf install -y',
             'centos' => 'yum install -y',
             'arch' => 'pacman -S --noconfirm',
-            default => throw new RuntimeException('Current linux distro does not have an auto-install script for musl packages yet.'),
+            default => throw new EnvironmentException(
+                "Current linux distro [{$distro['dist']}] does not have an auto-install script for packages yet.",
+                'You can submit an issue to request support: https://github.com/crazywhalecc/static-php-cli/issues'
+            ),
         };
         $prefix = '';
         if (($user = exec('whoami')) !== 'root') {
             $prefix = 'sudo ';
-            logger()->warning('Current user (' . $user . ') is not root, using sudo for running command');
-        }
-        try {
-            $is_debian = in_array($distro['dist'], ['debian', 'ubuntu', 'Deepin']);
-            $to_install = $is_debian ? str_replace('xz', 'xz-utils', $missing) : $missing;
-            // debian, alpine libtool -> libtoolize
-            $to_install = str_replace('libtoolize', 'libtool', $to_install);
-            shell(true)->exec($prefix . $install_cmd . ' ' . implode(' ', $to_install));
-        } catch (RuntimeException) {
-            return false;
+            logger()->warning('Current user (' . $user . ') is not root, using sudo for running command (may require password input)');
         }
+
+        $is_debian = in_array($distro['dist'], ['debian', 'ubuntu', 'Deepin']);
+        $to_install = $is_debian ? str_replace('xz', 'xz-utils', $missing) : $missing;
+        // debian, alpine libtool -> libtoolize
+        $to_install = str_replace('libtoolize', 'libtool', $to_install);
+        shell(true)->exec($prefix . $install_cmd . ' ' . implode(' ', $to_install));
+
         return true;
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/SPC/doctor/item/MacOSToolCheckList.php b/src/SPC/doctor/item/MacOSToolCheckList.php
index 249b618e..7cc9ca2a 100644
--- a/src/SPC/doctor/item/MacOSToolCheckList.php
+++ b/src/SPC/doctor/item/MacOSToolCheckList.php
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use SPC\builder\traits\UnixSystemUtilTrait;
 use SPC\doctor\AsCheckItem;
 use SPC\doctor\AsFixItem;
 use SPC\doctor\CheckResult;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
 
 class MacOSToolCheckList
 {
@@ -89,11 +88,7 @@ class MacOSToolCheckList
     #[AsFixItem('brew')]
     public function fixBrew(): bool
     {
-        try {
-            shell(true)->exec('/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"');
-        } catch (RuntimeException) {
-            return false;
-        }
+        shell(true)->exec('/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"');
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -104,14 +99,10 @@ class MacOSToolCheckList
             'glibtoolize' => 'libtool',
         ];
         foreach ($missing as $cmd) {
-            try {
-                if (isset($replacement[$cmd])) {
-                    $cmd = $replacement[$cmd];
-                }
-                shell(true)->exec('brew install --formula ' . escapeshellarg($cmd));
-            } catch (RuntimeException) {
-                return false;
+            if (isset($replacement[$cmd])) {
+                $cmd = $replacement[$cmd];
             }
+            shell(true)->exec('brew install --formula ' . escapeshellarg($cmd));
         }
         return true;
     }
diff --git a/src/SPC/doctor/item/WindowsToolCheckList.php b/src/SPC/doctor/item/WindowsToolCheckList.php
index bfeb063e..7f71f10e 100644
--- a/src/SPC/doctor/item/WindowsToolCheckList.php
+++ b/src/SPC/doctor/item/WindowsToolCheckList.php
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ use SPC\builder\windows\SystemUtil;
 use SPC\doctor\AsCheckItem;
 use SPC\doctor\AsFixItem;
 use SPC\doctor\CheckResult;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 use SPC\store\PackageManager;
 
@@ -80,12 +79,8 @@ class WindowsToolCheckList
     #[AsFixItem('install-php-sdk')]
     public function installPhpSdk(): bool
     {
-        try {
-            FileSystem::removeDir(getenv('PHP_SDK_PATH'));
-            cmd(true)->exec('git.exe clone --depth 1 https://github.com/php/php-sdk-binary-tools.git ' . getenv('PHP_SDK_PATH'));
-        } catch (RuntimeException) {
-            return false;
-        }
+        FileSystem::removeDir(getenv('PHP_SDK_PATH'));
+        cmd(true)->exec('git.exe clone --depth 1 https://github.com/php/php-sdk-binary-tools.git ' . getenv('PHP_SDK_PATH'));
         return true;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/SPC/store/Downloader.php b/src/SPC/store/Downloader.php
index 91c17df5..d659253e 100644
--- a/src/SPC/store/Downloader.php
+++ b/src/SPC/store/Downloader.php
@@ -5,9 +5,8 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\store;
 
 use SPC\exception\DownloaderException;
-use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
-use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
+use SPC\exception\InterruptException;
+use SPC\exception\SPCException;
 use SPC\store\pkg\CustomPackage;
 use SPC\store\source\CustomSourceBase;
 use SPC\util\SPCTarget;
@@ -201,9 +200,9 @@ class Downloader
                 unlink(FileSystem::convertPath(DOWNLOAD_PATH . '/' . $filename));
             }
         };
-        self::registerCancelEvent($cancel_func);
+        keyboard_interrupt_register($cancel_func);
         self::curlDown(url: $url, path: FileSystem::convertPath(DOWNLOAD_PATH . "/{$filename}"), headers: $headers, hooks: $hooks, retries: self::getRetryAttempts());
-        self::unregisterCancelEvent();
+        keyboard_interrupt_unregister();
         logger()->debug("Locking {$filename}");
         if ($download_as === SPC_DOWNLOAD_PRE_BUILT) {
             $name = self::getPreBuiltLockName($name);
@@ -248,12 +247,12 @@ class Downloader
                     f_passthru("cd \"{$download_path}\" && {$git} submodule update --init " . escapeshellarg($submodule));
                 }
             }
-        } catch (RuntimeException $e) {
+        } catch (SPCException $e) {
             if (is_dir($download_path)) {
                 FileSystem::removeDir($download_path);
             }
             if ($e->getCode() === 2 || $e->getCode() === -1073741510) {
-                throw new WrongUsageException('Keyboard interrupted, download failed !');
+                throw new InterruptException('Keyboard interrupted, download failed !');
             }
             if ($retries > 0) {
                 self::downloadGit($name, $url, $branch, $submodules, $move_path, $retries - 1, $lock_as);
@@ -385,7 +384,7 @@ class Downloader
                 default:
                     throw new DownloaderException('unknown source type: ' . $pkg['type']);
             }
-        } catch (RuntimeException $e) {
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
             // Because sometimes files downloaded through the command line are not automatically deleted after a failure.
             // Here we need to manually delete the file if it is detected to exist.
             if (isset($filename) && file_exists(DOWNLOAD_PATH . '/' . $filename)) {
@@ -503,7 +502,7 @@ class Downloader
                 default:
                     throw new DownloaderException('unknown source type: ' . $source['type']);
             }
-        } catch (RuntimeException $e) {
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
             // Because sometimes files downloaded through the command line are not automatically deleted after a failure.
             // Here we need to manually delete the file if it is detected to exist.
             if (isset($filename) && file_exists(DOWNLOAD_PATH . '/' . $filename)) {
@@ -551,7 +550,7 @@ class Downloader
             }
             f_exec($cmd, $output, $ret);
             if ($ret === 2 || $ret === -1073741510) {
-                throw new RuntimeException(sprintf('Failed to fetch "%s"', $url));
+                throw new InterruptException(sprintf('Canceled fetching "%s"', $url));
             }
             if ($ret !== 0) {
                 throw new DownloaderException(sprintf('Failed to fetch "%s"', $url));
@@ -563,7 +562,7 @@ class Downloader
         }
         f_exec($cmd, $output, $ret);
         if ($ret === 2 || $ret === -1073741510) {
-            throw new RuntimeException(sprintf('Failed to fetch "%s"', $url));
+            throw new InterruptException(sprintf('Canceled fetching "%s"', $url));
         }
         if ($ret !== 0) {
             throw new DownloaderException(sprintf('Failed to fetch "%s"', $url));
@@ -599,9 +598,9 @@ class Downloader
         $cmd = SPC_CURL_EXEC . " -{$check}fSL {$retry} -o \"{$path}\" {$methodArg} {$headerArg} \"{$url}\"";
         try {
             f_passthru($cmd);
-        } catch (RuntimeException $e) {
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
             if ($e->getCode() === 2 || $e->getCode() === -1073741510) {
-                throw new WrongUsageException('Keyboard interrupted, download failed !');
+                throw new InterruptException('Keyboard interrupted, download failed !');
             }
             throw $e;
         }
@@ -639,11 +638,11 @@ class Downloader
                 $url = "https://dl.static-php.dev/static-php-cli/deps/spc-download-mirror/{$source_name}/?format=json";
                 $json = json_decode(Downloader::curlExec(url: $url, retries: intval(getenv('SPC_DOWNLOAD_RETRIES') ?: 0)), true);
                 if (!is_array($json)) {
-                    throw new RuntimeException('failed http fetch');
+                    throw new DownloaderException('failed http fetch');
                 }
                 $item = $json[0] ?? null;
                 if ($item === null) {
-                    throw new RuntimeException('failed to parse json');
+                    throw new DownloaderException('failed to parse json');
                 }
                 $full_url = 'https://dl.static-php.dev' . $item['full_path'];
                 $filename = basename($item['full_path']);
diff --git a/src/SPC/store/FileSystem.php b/src/SPC/store/FileSystem.php
index 1849fb4b..a40f5f01 100644
--- a/src/SPC/store/FileSystem.php
+++ b/src/SPC/store/FileSystem.php
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\store;
 
 use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\SPCException;
 
 class FileSystem
 {
@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ class FileSystem
      */
     public static function copyDir(string $from, string $to): void
     {
+        logger()->debug("Copying directory from {$from} to {$to}");
         $dst_path = FileSystem::convertPath($to);
         $src_path = FileSystem::convertPath($from);
         switch (PHP_OS_FAMILY) {
@@ -161,6 +162,23 @@ class FileSystem
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Copy file from one location to another.
+     * This method will throw an exception if the copy operation fails.
+     *
+     * @param string $from Source file path
+     * @param string $to   Destination file path
+     */
+    public static function copy(string $from, string $to): void
+    {
+        logger()->debug("Copying file from {$from} to {$to}");
+        $dst_path = FileSystem::convertPath($to);
+        $src_path = FileSystem::convertPath($from);
+        if (!copy($src_path, $dst_path)) {
+            throw new FileSystemException('Cannot copy file from ' . $src_path . ' to ' . $dst_path);
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Extract package archive to specified directory
      *
@@ -187,13 +205,13 @@ class FileSystem
         try {
             // extract wrapper command
             self::extractWithType($source_type, $filename, $extract_path);
-        } catch (RuntimeException $e) {
+        } catch (SPCException $e) {
             if (PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Windows') {
                 f_passthru('rmdir /s /q ' . $target);
             } else {
                 f_passthru('rm -rf ' . $target);
             }
-            throw new FileSystemException('Cannot extract package ' . $name, $e->getCode(), $e);
+            throw new FileSystemException("Cannot extract package {$name}", $e->getCode(), $e);
         }
     }
 
@@ -223,7 +241,7 @@ class FileSystem
         try {
             self::extractWithType($source_type, $filename, $move_path);
             self::emitSourceExtractHook($name, $target);
-        } catch (RuntimeException $e) {
+        } catch (SPCException $e) {
             if (PHP_OS_FAMILY === 'Windows') {
                 f_passthru('rmdir /s /q ' . $target);
             } else {
@@ -505,7 +523,7 @@ class FileSystem
     public static function restoreBackupFile(string $path): void
     {
         if (!file_exists($path . '.bak')) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('Cannot find bak file for ' . $path);
+            throw new FileSystemException("Backup restore failed: Cannot find bak file for {$path}");
         }
         copy($path . '.bak', $path);
         unlink($path . '.bak');
diff --git a/src/SPC/store/LockFile.php b/src/SPC/store/LockFile.php
index b81bafdf..cab5b9da 100644
--- a/src/SPC/store/LockFile.php
+++ b/src/SPC/store/LockFile.php
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace SPC\store;
 
-use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\SPCInternalException;
 use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
 
 class LockFile
@@ -128,10 +127,10 @@ class LockFile
             SPC_SOURCE_ARCHIVE => sha1_file(DOWNLOAD_PATH . '/' . $lock_options['filename']),
             SPC_SOURCE_GIT => exec('cd ' . escapeshellarg(DOWNLOAD_PATH . '/' . $lock_options['dirname']) . ' && ' . SPC_GIT_EXEC . ' rev-parse HEAD'),
             SPC_SOURCE_LOCAL => 'LOCAL HASH IS ALWAYS DIFFERENT',
-            default => filter_var(getenv('SPC_IGNORE_BAD_HASH'), FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN) ? '' : throw new RuntimeException("Unknown source type: {$lock_options['source_type']}"),
+            default => filter_var(getenv('SPC_IGNORE_BAD_HASH'), FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN) ? '' : throw new SPCInternalException("Unknown source type: {$lock_options['source_type']}"),
         };
         if ($result === false && !filter_var(getenv('SPC_IGNORE_BAD_HASH'), FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN)) {
-            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to get hash for source: {$lock_options['source_type']}");
+            throw new SPCInternalException("Failed to get hash for source: {$lock_options['source_type']}");
         }
         return $result ?: '';
     }
@@ -182,7 +181,7 @@ class LockFile
                 $file_content = file_get_contents(self::LOCK_FILE);
                 self::$lock_file_content = json_decode($file_content, true);
                 if (self::$lock_file_content === null) {
-                    throw new \RuntimeException('Failed to decode lock file: ' . self::LOCK_FILE);
+                    throw new SPCInternalException('Failed to decode lock file: ' . self::LOCK_FILE);
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/SPC/store/SourcePatcher.php b/src/SPC/store/SourcePatcher.php
index a51ab0a9..b92b945c 100644
--- a/src/SPC/store/SourcePatcher.php
+++ b/src/SPC/store/SourcePatcher.php
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@ use SPC\builder\linux\SystemUtil;
 use SPC\builder\unix\UnixBuilderBase;
 use SPC\builder\windows\WindowsBuilder;
 use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
-use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
+use SPC\exception\PatchException;
 use SPC\util\SPCTarget;
 
 class SourcePatcher
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ class SourcePatcher
                 $patches[] = "sapi/micro/patches/{$patchName}_{$tryMajMin}.patch";
                 continue 2;
             }
-            throw new RuntimeException("failed finding patch {$patchName}");
+            throw new PatchException('phpmicro patches', "Failed finding patch file or versioned file {$patchName} !");
         }
 
         foreach ($patches as $patch) {
@@ -202,7 +201,7 @@ class SourcePatcher
 
         $patch_str = FileSystem::convertPath($patch_file);
         if (!file_exists($patch_str)) {
-            throw new RuntimeException("Patch file [{$patch_str}] does not exist");
+            throw new PatchException($patch_name, "Patch file [{$patch_str}] does not exist");
         }
 
         // Copy patch from phar
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ class SourcePatcher
             ++$line_num;
         }
         if ($found === false) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('Cannot patch windows CLI Makefile!');
+            throw new PatchException('Windows Makefile patching for php.exe target', 'Cannot patch windows CLI Makefile, Makefile does not contain "$(BUILD_DIR)\php.exe:" line');
         }
         $lines[$line_num] = '$(BUILD_DIR)\php.exe: generated_files $(DEPS_CLI) $(PHP_GLOBAL_OBJS) $(CLI_GLOBAL_OBJS) $(STATIC_EXT_OBJS) $(ASM_OBJS) $(BUILD_DIR)\php.exe.res $(BUILD_DIR)\php.exe.manifest';
         $lines[$line_num + 1] = "\t" . '"$(LINK)" /nologo $(PHP_GLOBAL_OBJS_RESP) $(CLI_GLOBAL_OBJS_RESP) $(STATIC_EXT_OBJS_RESP) $(STATIC_EXT_LIBS) $(ASM_OBJS) $(LIBS) $(LIBS_CLI) $(BUILD_DIR)\php.exe.res /out:$(BUILD_DIR)\php.exe $(LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS_CLI) /ltcg /nodefaultlib:msvcrt /nodefaultlib:msvcrtd /ignore:4286';
diff --git a/src/SPC/store/pkg/Zig.php b/src/SPC/store/pkg/Zig.php
index 7089f87f..3ac90c6d 100644
--- a/src/SPC/store/pkg/Zig.php
+++ b/src/SPC/store/pkg/Zig.php
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace SPC\store\pkg;
 
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\DownloaderException;
 use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
 use SPC\store\CurlHook;
 use SPC\store\Downloader;
@@ -77,14 +77,14 @@ class Zig extends CustomPackage
         }
 
         if (!$latest_version) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('Could not determine latest Zig version');
+            throw new DownloaderException('Could not determine latest Zig version');
         }
 
         logger()->info("Installing Zig version {$latest_version}");
 
         $platform_key = "{$zig_arch}-{$zig_os}";
         if (!isset($index_json[$latest_version][$platform_key])) {
-            throw new RuntimeException("No download available for {$platform_key} in Zig version {$latest_version}");
+            throw new DownloaderException("No download available for {$platform_key} in Zig version {$latest_version}");
         }
 
         $download_info = $index_json[$latest_version][$platform_key];
diff --git a/src/SPC/toolchain/ClangNativeToolchain.php b/src/SPC/toolchain/ClangNativeToolchain.php
index 86e1b63d..ad09244c 100644
--- a/src/SPC/toolchain/ClangNativeToolchain.php
+++ b/src/SPC/toolchain/ClangNativeToolchain.php
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ namespace SPC\toolchain;
 use SPC\builder\freebsd\SystemUtil as FreeBSDSystemUtil;
 use SPC\builder\linux\SystemUtil as LinuxSystemUtil;
 use SPC\builder\macos\SystemUtil as MacOSSystemUtil;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\EnvironmentException;
 use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
 use SPC\util\GlobalEnvManager;
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class ClangNativeToolchain implements ToolchainInterface
                 'Linux' => LinuxSystemUtil::findCommand($command) ?? throw new WrongUsageException("{$command} not found, please install it or set {$env} to a valid path."),
                 'Darwin' => MacOSSystemUtil::findCommand($command) ?? throw new WrongUsageException("{$command} not found, please install it or set {$env} to a valid path."),
                 'BSD' => FreeBSDSystemUtil::findCommand($command) ?? throw new WrongUsageException("{$command} not found, please install it or set {$env} to a valid path."),
-                default => throw new RuntimeException(__CLASS__ . ' is not supported on ' . PHP_OS_FAMILY . '.'),
+                default => throw new EnvironmentException(__CLASS__ . ' is not supported on ' . PHP_OS_FAMILY . '.'),
             };
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/SPC/toolchain/GccNativeToolchain.php b/src/SPC/toolchain/GccNativeToolchain.php
index 05fe026a..b8e26c25 100644
--- a/src/SPC/toolchain/GccNativeToolchain.php
+++ b/src/SPC/toolchain/GccNativeToolchain.php
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ namespace SPC\toolchain;
 use SPC\builder\freebsd\SystemUtil as FreeBSDSystemUtil;
 use SPC\builder\linux\SystemUtil as LinuxSystemUtil;
 use SPC\builder\macos\SystemUtil as MacOSSystemUtil;
+use SPC\exception\EnvironmentException;
 use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
 use SPC\util\GlobalEnvManager;
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ class GccNativeToolchain implements ToolchainInterface
                 'Linux' => LinuxSystemUtil::findCommand($command) ?? throw new WrongUsageException("{$command} not found, please install it or set {$env} to a valid path."),
                 'Darwin' => MacOSSystemUtil::findCommand($command) ?? throw new WrongUsageException("{$command} not found, please install it or set {$env} to a valid path."),
                 'BSD' => FreeBSDSystemUtil::findCommand($command) ?? throw new WrongUsageException("{$command} not found, please install it or set {$env} to a valid path."),
-                default => throw new \RuntimeException(__CLASS__ . ' is not supported on ' . PHP_OS_FAMILY . '.'),
+                default => throw new EnvironmentException(__CLASS__ . ' is not supported on ' . PHP_OS_FAMILY . '.'),
             };
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/SPC/toolchain/MuslToolchain.php b/src/SPC/toolchain/MuslToolchain.php
index 684473c6..ac3c7b73 100644
--- a/src/SPC/toolchain/MuslToolchain.php
+++ b/src/SPC/toolchain/MuslToolchain.php
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace SPC\toolchain;
 
-use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
+use SPC\exception\EnvironmentException;
 use SPC\util\GlobalEnvManager;
 
 class MuslToolchain implements ToolchainInterface
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class MuslToolchain implements ToolchainInterface
         GlobalEnvManager::putenv("SPC_CMD_PREFIX_PHP_CONFIGURE=LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\"{$ld_library_path}\" {$configure}");
 
         if (!file_exists("/usr/local/musl/{$arch}-linux-musl/lib/libc.a")) {
-            throw new WrongUsageException('You are building with musl-libc target in glibc distro, but musl-toolchain is not installed, please install musl-toolchain first. (You can use `doctor` command to install it)');
+            throw new EnvironmentException('You are building with musl-libc target in glibc distro, but musl-toolchain is not installed, please install musl-toolchain first. (You can use `doctor` command to install it)');
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/src/SPC/toolchain/ZigToolchain.php b/src/SPC/toolchain/ZigToolchain.php
index 5d859e41..3a929f2b 100644
--- a/src/SPC/toolchain/ZigToolchain.php
+++ b/src/SPC/toolchain/ZigToolchain.php
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace SPC\toolchain;
 
-use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
+use SPC\exception\EnvironmentException;
 use SPC\store\pkg\Zig;
 use SPC\util\GlobalEnvManager;
 
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class ZigToolchain implements ToolchainInterface
     public function afterInit(): void
     {
         if (!is_dir(Zig::getEnvironment()['PATH'])) {
-            throw new WrongUsageException('You are building with zig, but zig is not installed, please install zig first. (You can use `doctor` command to install it)');
+            throw new EnvironmentException('You are building with zig, but zig is not installed, please install zig first. (You can use `doctor` command to install it)');
         }
         GlobalEnvManager::addPathIfNotExists(Zig::getEnvironment()['PATH']);
         f_passthru('ulimit -n 2048'); // zig opens extra file descriptors, so when a lot of extensions are built statically, 1024 is not enough
diff --git a/src/SPC/util/GlobalEnvManager.php b/src/SPC/util/GlobalEnvManager.php
index f2689472..59e4d06c 100644
--- a/src/SPC/util/GlobalEnvManager.php
+++ b/src/SPC/util/GlobalEnvManager.php
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\util;
 
 use SPC\builder\macos\SystemUtil;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\SPCInternalException;
 use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
 use SPC\toolchain\ToolchainManager;
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class GlobalEnvManager
         }
         // Check pre-defined env vars exists
         if (getenv('BUILD_ROOT_PATH') === false) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('You must include src/globals/internal-env.php before using GlobalEnvManager');
+            throw new SPCInternalException('You must include src/globals/internal-env.php before using GlobalEnvManager');
         }
 
         // Define env vars for unix
diff --git a/src/SPC/util/LicenseDumper.php b/src/SPC/util/LicenseDumper.php
index a6d6c998..8ba17c91 100644
--- a/src/SPC/util/LicenseDumper.php
+++ b/src/SPC/util/LicenseDumper.php
@@ -4,9 +4,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace SPC\util;
 
-use SPC\exception\FileSystemException;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
-use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
+use SPC\exception\SPCInternalException;
 use SPC\store\Config;
 use SPC\store\FileSystem;
 
@@ -100,7 +98,7 @@ class LicenseDumper
     {
         $licenses = Config::getSource($source_name)['license'] ?? [];
         if ($licenses === []) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('source [' . $source_name . '] license meta not exist');
+            throw new SPCInternalException("source [{$source_name}] license meta not exist");
         }
 
         if (!array_is_list($licenses)) {
@@ -111,7 +109,7 @@ class LicenseDumper
             yield $index => match ($license['type']) {
                 'text' => $license['text'],
                 'file' => $this->loadSourceFile($source_name, $index, $license['path'], Config::getSource($source_name)['path'] ?? null),
-                default => throw new RuntimeException('source [' . $source_name . '] license type is not allowed'),
+                default => throw new SPCInternalException("source [{$source_name}] license type is not allowed"),
             };
         }
     }
@@ -122,7 +120,7 @@ class LicenseDumper
     private function loadSourceFile(string $source_name, int $index, null|array|string $in_path, ?string $custom_base_path = null): string
     {
         if (is_null($in_path)) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('source [' . $source_name . '] license file is not set, please check config/source.json');
+            throw new SPCInternalException("source [{$source_name}] license file is not set, please check config/source.json");
         }
 
         if (!is_array($in_path)) {
@@ -139,6 +137,6 @@ class LicenseDumper
             return file_get_contents(BUILD_ROOT_PATH . '/source-licenses/' . $source_name . '/' . $index . '.txt');
         }
 
-        throw new RuntimeException('Cannot find any license file in source [' . $source_name . '] directory!');
+        throw new SPCInternalException("Cannot find any license file in source [{$source_name}] directory!");
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/SPC/util/PkgConfigUtil.php b/src/SPC/util/PkgConfigUtil.php
index 6b7cd01d..41a3b6e2 100644
--- a/src/SPC/util/PkgConfigUtil.php
+++ b/src/SPC/util/PkgConfigUtil.php
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace SPC\util;
 
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\ExecutionException;
 
 /**
  * Utility class for pkg-config operations
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class PkgConfigUtil
     {
         f_exec($cmd, $output, $result_code);
         if ($result_code !== 0) {
-            throw new RuntimeException("pkg-config command failed with code {$result_code}: {$cmd}");
+            throw new ExecutionException($cmd, "pkg-config command failed with code: {$result_code}");
         }
         return implode("\n", $output);
     }
diff --git a/tests/SPC/globals/GlobalFunctionsTest.php b/tests/SPC/globals/GlobalFunctionsTest.php
index 038610f6..818f9686 100644
--- a/tests/SPC/globals/GlobalFunctionsTest.php
+++ b/tests/SPC/globals/GlobalFunctionsTest.php
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ namespace SPC\Tests\globals;
 
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 use Psr\Log\LogLevel;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
-use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
+use SPC\exception\ExecutionException;
 use ZM\Logger\ConsoleLogger;
 
 /**
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ class GlobalFunctionsTest extends TestCase
             $this->markTestSkipped('Windows not support f_passthru');
         }
         $this->assertEquals(null, f_passthru('echo ""'));
-        $this->expectException('SPC\exception\RuntimeException');
+        $this->expectException(ExecutionException::class);
         f_passthru('false');
     }
 
@@ -80,16 +79,16 @@ class GlobalFunctionsTest extends TestCase
             $this->markTestSkipped('Windows not support shell');
         }
         $shell = shell();
-        $this->assertInstanceOf('SPC\util\UnixShell', $shell);
-        $this->assertInstanceOf('SPC\util\UnixShell', $shell->cd('/'));
-        $this->assertInstanceOf('SPC\util\UnixShell', $shell->exec('echo ""'));
-        $this->assertInstanceOf('SPC\util\UnixShell', $shell->setEnv(['SPC_TEST_ENV' => '1']));
+        $this->assertInstanceOf('SPC\util\shell\UnixShell', $shell);
+        $this->assertInstanceOf('SPC\util\shell\UnixShell', $shell->cd('/'));
+        $this->assertInstanceOf('SPC\util\shell\UnixShell', $shell->exec('echo ""'));
+        $this->assertInstanceOf('SPC\util\shell\UnixShell', $shell->setEnv(['SPC_TEST_ENV' => '1']));
 
         [$code, $out] = $shell->execWithResult('echo "_"');
         $this->assertEquals(0, $code);
         $this->assertEquals('_', implode('', $out));
 
-        $this->expectException('SPC\exception\RuntimeException');
+        $this->expectException('SPC\exception\ExecutionException');
         $shell->exec('false');
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/SPC/store/DownloaderTest.php b/tests/SPC/store/DownloaderTest.php
index 91865bfb..749fb385 100644
--- a/tests/SPC/store/DownloaderTest.php
+++ b/tests/SPC/store/DownloaderTest.php
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\Tests\store;
 
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
-use SPC\exception\WrongUsageException;
+use SPC\exception\InterruptException;
 use SPC\store\Downloader;
 use SPC\store\LockFile;
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class DownloaderTest extends TestCase
         // test keyboard interrupt
         try {
             Downloader::downloadGit('setup-static-php', 'https://github.com/static-php/setup-static-php.git', 'SIGINT');
-        } catch (WrongUsageException $e) {
+        } catch (InterruptException $e) {
             $this->assertStringContainsString('interrupted', $e->getMessage());
             return;
         }
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class DownloaderTest extends TestCase
         // test keyboard interrupt
         try {
             Downloader::downloadFile('fake-file', 'https://fakecmd.com/curlDown', 'SIGINT');
-        } catch (WrongUsageException $e) {
+        } catch (InterruptException $e) {
             $this->assertStringContainsString('interrupted', $e->getMessage());
             return;
         }
diff --git a/tests/SPC/util/GlobalEnvManagerTest.php b/tests/SPC/util/GlobalEnvManagerTest.php
index 1caeaa19..1d9ed108 100644
--- a/tests/SPC/util/GlobalEnvManagerTest.php
+++ b/tests/SPC/util/GlobalEnvManagerTest.php
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\Tests\util;
 
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\SPCInternalException;
 use SPC\util\GlobalEnvManager;
 
 /**
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ final class GlobalEnvManagerTest extends TestCase
         // Temporarily unset BUILD_ROOT_PATH
         putenv('BUILD_ROOT_PATH');
 
-        $this->expectException(RuntimeException::class);
+        $this->expectException(SPCInternalException::class);
         GlobalEnvManager::init();
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/SPC/util/PkgConfigUtilTest.php b/tests/SPC/util/PkgConfigUtilTest.php
index 64882a54..41de6d70 100644
--- a/tests/SPC/util/PkgConfigUtilTest.php
+++ b/tests/SPC/util/PkgConfigUtilTest.php
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace SPC\Tests\util;
 
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\ExecutionException;
 use SPC\util\PkgConfigUtil;
 
 /**
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ final class PkgConfigUtilTest extends TestCase
      */
     public function testGetCflagsWithInvalidPackage(string $package): void
     {
-        $this->expectException(RuntimeException::class);
+        $this->expectException(ExecutionException::class);
         PkgConfigUtil::getCflags($package);
     }
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ final class PkgConfigUtilTest extends TestCase
      */
     public function testGetLibsArrayWithInvalidPackage(string $package): void
     {
-        $this->expectException(RuntimeException::class);
+        $this->expectException(ExecutionException::class);
         PkgConfigUtil::getLibsArray($package);
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/mock/SPC_store.php b/tests/mock/SPC_store.php
index 9ee59093..99f74fcc 100644
--- a/tests/mock/SPC_store.php
+++ b/tests/mock/SPC_store.php
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace SPC\store;
 
-use SPC\exception\RuntimeException;
+use SPC\exception\InterruptException;
+use SPC\exception\SPCInternalException;
 
 function f_exec(string $command, mixed &$output, mixed &$result_code): bool
 {
@@ -52,13 +53,13 @@ function f_passthru(string $cmd): bool
 {
     if (str_starts_with($cmd, 'git')) {
         if (str_contains($cmd, '--branch "SIGINT"')) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('Interrupt', 2);
+            throw new InterruptException('interrupted', 2);
         }
         return true;
     }
     if (str_contains($cmd, 'https://fakecmd.com/curlDown')) {
         if (str_contains($cmd, 'SIGINT')) {
-            throw new RuntimeException('Interrupt', 2);
+            throw new InterruptException('interrupted', 2);
         }
         return true;
     }
@@ -71,5 +72,5 @@ function f_passthru(string $cmd): bool
             return true;
         }
     }
-    throw new RuntimeException('Invalid tests');
+    throw new SPCInternalException('Invalid tests');
 }