diff --git a/src/ZM/Container/Container.php b/src/ZM/Container/Container.php
index 72d05345..af95aab7 100644
--- a/src/ZM/Container/Container.php
+++ b/src/ZM/Container/Container.php
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace ZM\Container;
 
-use ReflectionException;
-
 class Container extends WorkerContainer
 {
     /**
@@ -51,7 +49,6 @@ class Container extends WorkerContainer
      * @param  string                   $abstract   类或接口名
      * @param  array                    $parameters 参数
      * @throws EntryResolutionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
      * @return mixed                    实例
      */
     public function make(string $abstract, array $parameters = [])
diff --git a/src/ZM/Container/WorkerContainer.php b/src/ZM/Container/WorkerContainer.php
index 5cb1fe74..4fcad19d 100644
--- a/src/ZM/Container/WorkerContainer.php
+++ b/src/ZM/Container/WorkerContainer.php
@@ -13,9 +13,12 @@ use ReflectionClass;
 use ReflectionException;
 use ReflectionNamedType;
 use ReflectionParameter;
+use ZM\Utils\SingletonTrait;
 
 class WorkerContainer implements ContainerInterface
 {
+    use SingletonTrait;
+
     /**
      * @var array
      */
@@ -210,7 +213,6 @@ class WorkerContainer implements ContainerInterface
      * @param  string                   $abstract   类或接口名
      * @param  array                    $parameters 参数
      * @throws EntryResolutionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
      * @return mixed                    实例
      */
     public function make(string $abstract, array $parameters = [])
@@ -260,7 +262,6 @@ class WorkerContainer implements ContainerInterface
      *
      * @param  Closure|string           $concrete 类名或对应的闭包
      * @throws EntryResolutionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
      * @return mixed
      */
     public function build($concrete)
@@ -293,7 +294,12 @@ class WorkerContainer implements ContainerInterface
         $dependencies = $constructor->getParameters();
 
         // 获取所有依赖的实例
-        $instances = $this->resolveDependencies($dependencies);
+        try {
+            $instances = $this->resolveDependencies($dependencies);
+        } catch (EntryResolutionException $e) {
+            array_pop($this->buildStack);
+            throw $e;
+        }
 
         array_pop($this->buildStack);
 
@@ -448,7 +454,6 @@ class WorkerContainer implements ContainerInterface
      *
      * @param  ReflectionParameter[]    $dependencies
      * @throws EntryResolutionException
-     * @throws ReflectionException
      */
     protected function resolveDependencies(array $dependencies): array
     {
@@ -566,7 +571,6 @@ class WorkerContainer implements ContainerInterface
      * 解析类
      *
      * @throws EntryResolutionException 如果无法解析类，则抛出异常
-     * @throws ReflectionException      实际上不会抛出，请无视
      * @return mixed
      */
     protected function resolveClass(ReflectionParameter $parameter)
@@ -576,10 +580,16 @@ class WorkerContainer implements ContainerInterface
             return $this->make($parameter->getClass()->name);
         } catch (EntryResolutionException $e) {
             // 如果参数是可选的，则返回默认值
-            if ($parameter->isOptional()) {
+            if ($parameter->isDefaultValueAvailable()) {
+                array_pop($this->with);
                 return $parameter->getDefaultValue();
             }
 
+            if ($parameter->isVariadic()) {
+                array_pop($this->with);
+                return [];
+            }
+
             throw $e;
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/ZM/global_functions.php b/src/ZM/global_functions.php
index 460768e8..bfaca2da 100644
--- a/src/ZM/global_functions.php
+++ b/src/ZM/global_functions.php
@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ use ZM\API\ZMRobot;
 use ZM\Config\ZMConfig;
 use ZM\ConnectionManager\ManagerGM;
 use ZM\Console\Console;
+use ZM\Container\Container;
+use ZM\Container\ContainerInterface;
 use ZM\Context\Context;
 use ZM\Context\ContextInterface;
 use ZM\Event\EventManager;
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@ function get_class_path(string $class_name): ?string
 
 /**
  * 检查炸毛框架运行的环境
+ *
  * @internal
  */
 function _zm_env_check()
@@ -416,6 +419,7 @@ function server(): Server
 
 /**
  * 获取缓存当前框架pid的临时目录
+ *
  * @internal
  */
 function _zm_pid_dir(): string
@@ -433,6 +437,7 @@ function _zm_pid_dir(): string
  * 随机返回一个 ZMRobot 实例，效果等同于 {@link ZMRobot::getRandom()}。
  *
  * 在单机器人模式下，会直接返回该机器人实例。
+ *
  * @throws RobotNotFoundException
  */
 function bot(): ZMRobot
@@ -627,6 +632,7 @@ function zm_internal_errcode($code): string
 }
 
 /**
+<<<<<<< HEAD
  * 将可能为数组的参数转换为字符串
  *
  * 如传入字符串则为原样返回
@@ -638,6 +644,39 @@ function implode_when_necessary($string_or_array): string
     return is_array($string_or_array) ? implode(', ', $string_or_array) : $string_or_array;
 }
 
+/**
+ * 获取容器（请求级）实例
+ */
+function container(): ContainerInterface
+{
+    return Container::getInstance();
+}
+
+/**
+ * 解析类实例（使用容器）
+ *
+ * @return mixed
+ */
+function resolve(string $abstract, array $parameters = [])
+{
+    return Container::getInstance()->make($abstract, $parameters);
+}
+
+/**
+ * 获取容器实例
+ *
+ * @param  null|string              $abstract 类或接口名，不传入则返回容器实例
+ * @return ContainerInterface|mixed
+ */
+function app(string $abstract = null, array $parameters = [])
+{
+    if (is_null($abstract)) {
+        return container();
+    }
+
+    return resolve($abstract, $parameters);
+}
+
 /**
  * 以下为废弃的函数，将于未来移除
  */